Econometric model. In economic theory, economic causal relationships are expressed using general mathematical formulas, whereas in econometrics, real data is applied to these and equations are used to make specific estimates using statistical methods such as least squares (regression analysis) and maximum likelihood method. When there is one equation, it is called a single equation model, and is used to explain individual economic variables such as consumption functions, investment functions, and wage and price functions. When there are two or more equations, it is called a simultaneous equation model, and the most well-known models are the Wharton model in the United States and the short-term forecast model of the Cabinet Office in Japan. These are used to analyze economic structures, as well as to evaluate the effects of policies through economic forecasts and simulations (model experiments). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
計量経済学模型。経済理論では経済的因果関係を一般的な数式で表現しているのに対し,計量経済学ではそれに現実のデータをあてはめ,最小二乗法 (回帰分析) や最尤法 (さいゆうほう) などの統計的手法を用いて具体的に推定するための方程式をいう。方程式が1個の場合が単一方程式モデルで,消費関数,投資関数,賃金・物価関数など個別経済変数の説明に用いられる。方程式が2個以上の場合が連立方程式モデルで,アメリカのワートン・モデル,日本の内閣府の短期予測モデルなどが著名であり,これらは経済構造の分析のほか,経済予測やシミュレーション (モデル実験) による政策効果の評価などに用いられている。
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