Sienese School - Scuola Senese

Japanese: シエナ派 - しえなは(英語表記)Scuola Senese
Sienese School - Scuola Senese

A school of painters that emerged in Siena, a city in the Tuscan region of central Italy. During the nascent period of Italian painting from the end of the 13th century to the first half of the 14th century, along with the Florentine school led by Giotto, they played a major role in the formation of Italian and even European painting. The foundation of this school was laid by Duccio di Buoninsegna. He refined Byzantine-style painting and established a delicate style of painting that was a good balance of elegance, decorativeness, and humanity, in contrast to Giotto's powerful and realistic expression. Duccio's pupil Simone Martini inherited this style and further refined it under the influence of French Gothic art. It can be said that the Sienese school of painting reached its peak in Simone's art, which was hypersensitive and delicate and had a dreamlike beauty. Along with Giotto, he was a truly Italian and European painter who had a wide-ranging influence. The next most important painters were the Lorenzetti brothers, Pietro and Ambrogio. These two painters, each with their own unique characteristics, were well versed in the work of the Florentine school, and after the death of Giotto, it seemed as if they would bridge the Florentine and Sienese schools, but the plague of 1348 put an end to this hope. In the 14th century, under the influence of these four painters, the Sienese school reached its Golden Age, and many artists were active in Siena, including Barna da Siena and Bartolo di Fredi.

In the 15th century, there were no more pioneering painters, but there were many fascinating painters with unique fantasy and religious tastes, such as Sassetta, Giovanni di Paolo, Sano di Pietro, Matteo di Giovanni, and Neroccio di Bartolomeo. Furthermore, in the 16th century, Sodoma, who was born in northern Italy, and Domenico Beccafumi, who was influenced by him, appeared.

[Masumi Ishinabe]

Duccio's "Madonna and Child"
1290-1300 Tempera, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Duccio's "Madonna and Child"

Martini "Madonna and Child"
1326 Tempera, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Martini "Madonna and Child"

Pietro Lorenzetti "The Crucifixion"
1340s Tempera (Metropolitan Museum of Art )

Pietro Lorenzetti "The Crucifixion"

The Journey of the Magi by Sassetta
1433-1435 Tempera, Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Journey of the Magi by Sassetta


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中部イタリア、トスカナ地方の町シエナに輩出した画家の一派。13世紀末から14世紀前半にかけてのイタリア絵画の揺籃(ようらん)期に、ジョットを中心とするフィレンツェ派とともに、イタリア絵画、ひいてはヨーロッパ絵画の形成に大きな役割を果たした。その基礎を築いたのはドゥッチョ・ディ・ブオニンセーニャである。彼はビザンティン風の絵画を洗練し、ジョットの現実感にあふれた力強い表現とは対照的な、優美さや装飾性と人間味がよく調和した繊細な画風を確立した。ドゥッチョの弟子であるシモーネ・マルティーニがこの画風を受け継ぎ、フランス・ゴシック美術の影響のもとに、さらにいっそう洗練の度を加えた。過敏なまでに繊細で、夢幻的な美しさをもったシモーネの芸術において、シエナ派絵画は頂点に達したといえる。彼はジョットとともに、真にイタリア的、ヨーロッパ的画家で、広範な影響を及ぼした。次に重要な画家は、ピエトロとアンブロジオのロレンツェッティ兄弟である。それぞれに個性的な2人は、フィレンツェ派の成果をもよく消化し、ジョットの死後、フィレンツェ派とシエナ派をつなぐ役割を果たすかに思われたが、1348年のペストがその望みを断ってしまった。14世紀には、これら4人の画家の影響のもとにシエナ派は黄金時代を現出し、多くの画家がシエナで活躍した。バルナ・ダ・シエナやバルトロ・ディ・フレディがその代表である。

 15世紀に入ると、もはや先取的な役割を果たす画家は出なくなるが、サセッタやジョバンニ・ディ・パオロ、サーノ・ディ・ピエトロ、マッテオ・ディ・ジョバンニ、ネロッチョ・ディ・バルトロメオら独特の幻想性と宗教性をもった、魅力ある画家たちが活躍した。さらに16世紀になると、北イタリア生まれのソドマと、その影響を受けたドメニコ・ベッカフーミが出ている。

[石鍋真澄]

ドゥッチョ『聖母子』
1290~1300年ころ テンペラメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

ドゥッチョ『聖母子』

マルティーニ『聖母子』
1326年ころ テンペラメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

マルティーニ『聖母子』

ピエトロ・ロレンツェッティ『磔刑』
1340年代 テンペラメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

ピエトロ・ロレンツェッティ『磔刑』

サセッタ『東方三博士の旅』
1433~1435年ころ テンペラメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

サセッタ『東方三博士の旅』


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