Gate division system

Japanese: 門割制度 - かどわりせいど

A land system implemented in the Satsuma Domain during the Edo Period. In the Satsuma Domain, farmland was allocated to groups of farmers called "Kado" as a unit, and after cultivating it for a certain period of time, the land was surveyed and re-allocated. As a result, farmers were not able to own the land, and it was controlled through the "Kado". Therefore, the village structure of the Satsuma Domain was based on these "Kado". Male farmers aged 15-60, called "Ifu", were organized into units called "Kabu", and four to five Kabu made up one "Kado". The head of the "Kado" was called "Myouzu", and the "Kado-daka" allocated under the name of the "Myouzu" was allocated according to the number of "Myouzu". The "Kado" was also the unit for collecting tribute and labor, and was jointly responsible for paying the annual tax. (→Kujigumi, Chiwari)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代，薩摩藩で実施された土地制度。薩摩藩では門 (かど) と呼ばれる農民団体を単位として耕地を配分し，一定期間耕作したのち検地によって耕地を割替えることをたてまえとしたので，農民は土地を所有できず門を通して掌握されていた。したがって薩摩藩の村落構造は，この門が基底となっていた。要夫 (いふ) と呼ばれる 15～60歳の農民男子が，家部 (かぶ) という単位で組織され，4～5家部で1つの門を構成した。門の長を名頭 (みょうず) といい，名頭名義で配分された門高は要夫数に応じて割当てられた。また門は，貢租，夫役徴収の単位でもあり，年貢納入の連帯責任を負った。 (→鬮組〈くじぐみ〉 ,　地割 )

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