German artist. Born in Krefeld in the western part of North Rhine-Westphalia and died in Dusseldorf. He studied at the Dusseldorf Academy of Arts and served as a professor there from 1961 to 1972. He joined Fluxus, an international avant-garde art group, in 1962, founded the German Student Party in 1967, and founded the Free International University in 1974. He also joined the Green Party. Influenced by Rudolf Steiner's anthroposophy, he presented social change movements centered on direct democracy and ecology as artworks. Specifically, he took a variety of forms that went beyond the boundaries of traditional art, such as art through actions called "actions," objects, and debates. In other words, he tried to expand the concept of art to all free and creative activities that aim to realize an ideal society, and he called his works based on this idea "social sculpture." Although his activities may not have been fully successful politically, his view of art as an activity that directly relates to society had a profound influence on subsequent trends in contemporary art. His representative works include The Fat Chair (1964) and Seven Thousand Oak Trees (1982-87). [Shogo Otani] "Biography of Joseph Beuys" by Heiner Stachelhaus, translated by Kazuhiro Yamamoto (1994, Bijutsu Shuppansha) [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの美術家。ノルトライン・ウェストファーレン州西部のクレーフェルトに生まれデュッセルドルフで没した。デュッセルドルフ芸術アカデミーで学び、1961~72年、同校教授を務める。62年から国際的な前衛芸術グループであるフルクサスに参加し、67年にドイツ学生党を結成、74年に自由国際大学を設立した。また緑の党にも参加した。ルドルフ・シュタイナーの人智学の影響を受け、直接民主制やエコロジーなどを中心とした社会変革の運動を、芸術作品として提示した。具体的には「アクション」とよばれる行為による芸術、オブジェ作品、そして討論など、従来の美術の枠を超えた多様な形式をとる。これはすなわち、芸術の概念を、理想社会の実現をめざす自由で創造的な活動すべてにまで拡張しようとするものであり、彼はこうした考え方に基づく自らの作品を総称して「社会彫刻」とよんでいる。彼の活動は政治的には十分な成功を収めたとはいえないかもしれないが、芸術を社会と直接に関わる活動とみなす彼の考え方は、その後の現代美術の動向に深い影響を与えた。代表作に『脂肪の椅子』(1964)、『7000本の樫の木』(1982―87)などがある。 [大谷省吾] 『ハイナー・シュタッヘルハウス著、山本和弘訳『評伝 ヨーゼフ・ボイス』(1994・美術出版社)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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