Alliance City War - Alliance City War

Japanese: 同盟市戦争 - どうめいしせんそう
Alliance City War - Alliance City War

A war fought in ancient Greece and Rome between allied cities.

[Shoji Kiyonaga]

Greece

Symmachikos polemos (Greek) War between Athens and the member states of the Second Athenian Naval League (357-355 BC). The league was formed in 378/377 BC, and Athens, the leader, initially guaranteed the freedom and autonomy of the member states, in light of the fact that the First Athenian Naval League (Delian League) had become an "empire." However, as Athens became increasingly oppressive, and perhaps due to the backstabbing of Mausolus of Caria, in 357 BC Chios, Rhodes, Cos, and Byzantium defected from the league, and the Polemos War broke out. In 356 BC, Athens was defeated in two naval battles, at Chios and Embata, and the number of defecting states increased. In 355 BC, the Persian Empire showed signs of interference, so Athens made concessions, a peace treaty was concluded, and the independence of the defecting states was recognized.

In addition, the war between Macedonian King Philip V and the Hellenic League (League) and the Aetolian League, Sparta, and Elis (220-217 BC) in Hellenistic Greece is also called the League War. This war ended with the Treaty of Naupactus, which was favorable to Philip.

[Shoji Kiyonaga]

Rome

Bellum sociale (Latin) War between the Italian allies and Rome (91-88 BC). Rome's victories in the Cimbri War and the Jugurthine War at the end of the 2nd century BC were possible with the support of the Italian allies. The allies gradually began to demand Roman citizenship. In 91 BC, the tribune Drusus tried to grant them full citizenship, but was assassinated due to opposition from the nobles and knights. Upon learning of this, the allies abandoned hopes of gaining citizenship through peaceful negotiations and rose up in armed revolt. In the same year, they organized their own government and senate in Corfinium and built a powerful army. The battle was centered in southern Italy, and in 90 BC the allies had the upper hand. At the end of the same year, Rome granted citizenship to Italians who had remained loyal to Rome, in an attempt to divide the battle. However, in 89 BC, full citizenship was granted to all free people in the Italian peninsula and Gallia Cispadana. However, they were only allowed to register in 8 (or 10) of the old 35 tribes (districts), and were discriminated against so as not to have a majority in the votes of the Assembly. The war continued after this, but ended in 88 BC, when Sulla wiped out the Samnites and recaptured Campania.

[Tamura Takashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ギリシア、ローマにおいて、同盟都市が参加して行われた戦争。

[清永昭次]

ギリシア

Symmachikos polemos(ギリシア語) 第二次アテネ海上同盟の加盟諸ポリスとアテネとの間に行われた戦争(前357~前355)。同盟は紀元前378/377年に結成され、盟主アテネは、第一次アテネ海上同盟(デロス同盟)が「帝国」化した事実にかんがみ、当初、加盟ポリスの自由と自治を保障したが、のちにしだいに抑圧的になったため、またおそらくカリアのマウソロスの背後での画策もあって、前357年にキオス、ロードス、コスとビザンティオンが同盟から離反し、同盟市戦争が勃発(ぼっぱつ)した。前356年にアテネはキオスとエンバタの二度の海戦で敗れ、離反ポリスが増加し、前355年にはペルシア帝国が干渉の動きをみせたため、アテネが譲歩して和約が成立し、離反諸ポリスの独立が承認された。

 なお、ヘレニズム時代のギリシアで、マケドニア王フィリッポス5世・ヘラス連盟(同盟)対アイトリア同盟・スパルタ・エリスの戦争(前220~前217)をも同盟市戦争という。この戦争は、フィリッポスに有利なナウパクトスの和約で終わった。

[清永昭次]

ローマ

Bellum sociale(ラテン語) イタリア同盟市とローマとの間の戦争(前91~前88)。前2世紀末のキンブリ戦争やユグルタ戦争におけるローマの勝利は、イタリア同盟市の援助によって可能であった。同盟市民はしだいにローマ市民権を要求するようになる。前91年の護民官ドルススは、彼らに完全市民権を与えようとしたが、貴族、騎士層の反対にあって暗殺された。これを知って同盟市側は、平和的な交渉によって市民権を獲得する希望を捨て、武装蜂起(ほうき)するに至った。彼らは同年にコルフィニウムに独自の政府、元老院を組織し、強力な軍隊をつくりあげた。戦いは南イタリアを中心に展開され、前90年には同盟市側が優位にたった。同年末ローマは、ローマに忠実であったイタリア人には市民権を与え、戦いの分断を図ることとなる。だが前89年には、イタリア半島およびガリア・キスパダナの全自由人に完全市民権が認められた。しかし彼らは、旧来の35トリブス(区)のうち8(もしくは10)トリブスにのみしか登録を許されず、民会の投票で過半数を占めることのないよう差別されていた。戦争はこののちも続いたが、前88年スラのサムニウム人掃討とカンパニアの奪回を契機として同年終結した。

[田村 孝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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