Netherlands Antilles - Netherlands Antilles (English spelling)

Japanese: オランダ領アンティル - オランダりょうアンティル(英語表記)Nederlandse Antillen
Netherlands Antilles - Netherlands Antilles (English spelling)
A former Dutch self-governing territory in the Lesser Antilles, eastern West Indies. It is made up of the southern islands of Curaçao (→Curaçao) and Bonaire (→Bonaire), located off the northwest coast of Venezuela, and the northern islands of Sint-Eastazius (→Sint-Eastazius), Saba (→Saba), and southern Saint-Martin (→Sint-Maarten), located in the Leeward Islands about 800 km northeast of the southern islands. The administrative capital is Willemstad, Curaçao. The southern islands are relatively flat islands made mainly of igneous rock and surrounded by coral reefs. They were first settled by the Spanish, but in the first half of the 17th century they were occupied by the Dutch, who came in search of rock salt resources. In the 17th and 18th centuries they prospered through the trade of slaves and agricultural products. They were called the Dutch West Indies, but in 1845, six Dutch islands were integrated. In 1954, the name was changed to the Dutch Antilles, and they gained internal autonomy. In 1986, the island of Aruba (→Aruba) was separated. After the development of Venezuela's oil fields in the 20th century, oil refining by American capital became popular, and in 1985 the autonomous government purchased and operated it, making it the main industry. The northern islands are volcanic, with the highest point being Saba at 860m. It is not as dry as the southern islands, and there are many hurricanes. Europeans settled there in the early 17th century, and it prospered through the cultivation of sugarcane and cotton and transit trade. The official language is Dutch, but Papiamentu (a hybrid of Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese) is predominant in the southern islands, and English is predominant in the northern islands. In 2010, the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved, and each island was separated as a Dutch autonomous territory or municipality. Area 800 km2 . Population 204,000 (2010 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
西インド諸島東部,小アンティル諸島にあった,かつてのオランダ自治領。ベネズエラ北西岸沖にあるキュラソー島(→キュラソー)とボネール島(→ボネール)からなる南部島群と,それらの北東約 800km,リーワード諸島中にあるシントエースタツィウス島(→シントエースタツィウス),サバ島(→サバ),サンマルタン島南部(→シントマールテン)からなる北部島群によって構成された。行政府所在地はキュラソー島のウィレムスタト。南部島群はおもに火成岩からなる比較的平坦な島々で,サンゴ礁に囲まれる。初めスペイン人が入植したが,17世紀前半岩塩資源を求めてやってきたオランダ人が占領。17~18世紀奴隷や農産物の貿易で繁栄。オランダ領西インド諸島と呼ばれたが,1845年オランダ領の 6島を統合。1954年名称をオランダ領アンティルに変更し,内政自治権を獲得した。1986年,アルバ島(→アルバ)が分離。20世紀ベネズエラの油田が開発されてから,アメリカ合衆国資本による石油精製が盛んになり,1985年から自治政府が買い上げて運営し,主産業となった。北部島群は火山島で,最高点はサバ島の 860m。南部島群ほど乾燥は著しくなく,ハリケーンが多い。17世紀前半ヨーロッパ人が入植,サトウキビ,ワタの栽培と中継貿易で繁栄。公用語はオランダ語であるが,南部島群ではパピアメント語(スペイン語,オランダ語,ポルトガル語の混成語),北部島群では英語が優勢。2010年にオランダ領アンティルが解体され,各島はオランダの自治領または自治体として,それぞれ分離した。面積 800km2。人口 20万4000(2010推計)。

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