Ito Rokurobei - Ito Rokurobei

Japanese: 伊藤六郎兵衛 - いとう・ろくろべえ

Year of death: March 30, 1894 (Meiji 27)
Year of birth: 15th July 1829 (14th August 1829)
A religious leader in the early Meiji period, founder of the Maruyama religion. Born in Noborito Village, Tachibana County, Musashi Province (Tama Ward, Kawasaki City) as the second son of farmers Genroku Kiyomiya and Sue. His name was Yonekichi, but at the age of 24 he married Sano, the eldest daughter of the Ito family, and became an adopted son-in-law. He changed his name to Rokuzo, and later inherited the family name Rokurobei. From the age of 14, he climbed Mount Fuji as a member of the "Maruyama Ko," a Fuji faith society, and devoted himself to faith. In 1870 (Meiji 3), when he called a priest to cure his wife of a serious fever, the god of Fuji, Sengen Daibosatsu, descended from the mountain, and when he prayed to thank him for his complete recovery, the god told him to pray for himself from then on. After that, he began to hear the voice of the god, and was given the role of "God of the Earth, Isshin Gyoja," who conveys the word of the god as the "God of the Earth." Furthermore, praying for the salvation of the people and peace throughout the world, he devoted himself to such training as walking on tiptoes while chanting the sacred text of Fuji faith (the Fuji Nankyo) and fasting. Demonstrating his spiritual power to cure illnesses, the number of his followers increased, and his reputation as a living god spread to the surrounding rural areas. In 1865, he joined the Fuji Ichizan Kosha, whose chief priest was Shishino Han, and established the Maruyama Church headquarters in his home. Up until that point, he had been arrested and detained several times for engaging in religious activities without the necessary qualifications, but he was finally able to carry them out openly. In 1872, the Fuji Ichizan Kosha became an independent sect known as Fusokyo, but after Shishino's death in 1873, he left Fusokyo and moved to the Shinto Secretariat, and was renamed the Shinto Maruyama Church Main Branch. In the same year, a social reform turmoil arose in the "Migumi" group, led by Nishigaya Heishiro of Ihara County, Shizuoka Prefecture. Maruyama's doctrine is based on everyday morality, but it also has a philosophy of reforming society, which it calls "Okai" and sees the modern civilization as a time of "people's downfall," preaching that "the time of natural agriculture will be rebuilt." It criticizes the Meiji government's Westernization policy and develops a restorationist eschatology that aims for a return to a simple peasant world. <Works> "Maruyama Kyoso Shinseki Goho Osoi" <References> "Maruyama Kyoso Goden" by Junichi Yuri

(Kunimitsu Kawamura)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：明治27.3.30(1894)
生年：文政12.7.15(1829.8.14)
明治前期の宗教家,丸山教の教祖。武蔵国橘樹郡登戸村(川崎市多摩区)に,農民の清宮源六とスエの次男として生まれた。米吉といったが,24歳で伊藤家の長女サノと結婚して婿養子となり,六蔵と改め,のちに家督相続し,家名の六郎兵衛を襲名した。14歳のころから,富士信仰の講社「丸山講」の講員として富士山に登り,信心に励んでいた。明治3(1870)年,妻の重い熱病を治すために呼んだ祈祷師に,富士の神,仙元大菩薩が降り,病気全快のお礼の祈祷をすると,これからは自分で祈願せよという神のお告げがあった。以後,神の声を聞くようになり,「地の神」として神の言葉を伝える「地の神一心行者」の役目を授けられた。さらに人民の救済,天下泰平を祈願して,富士信仰の教典(富士南経)を唱えながら爪先で歩く爪立行や断食行などの修行に専念する。病気治しの霊力を発揮して帰依する者が増え,生き神としての評判が周辺の農村に広まった。同8年,宍野半を管長とする富士一山講社に所属し,丸山教会本部を自宅に開設する。それまで無資格のまま宗教活動をしたとの理由で,幾度か拘引留置されたが,公然と行うことができるようになる。同15年,富士一山講社は扶桑教として一派独立するが,宍野の死後,同18年,扶桑教から離脱して神道事務局に移り,神道丸山教会本院と改められる。同年には,静岡県庵原郡の西ケ谷平四郎が率いる「み組」の世直し騒動が起こった。丸山教の教義は日常的な道徳を基本としているが,「お開き」といい,世直し思想があり,文明開化の世を「人倒し」の世ととらえ,「天農の世の立てなおし」が行われると説き,明治政府の欧化政策を批判して,質朴な農民的世界への復帰を志向する復古主義的な終末論を展開した。<著作>『丸山教祖真蹟御法お調べ』<参考文献>柚利淳一『丸山教祖御伝』

(川村邦光)

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