… Brittle fractures are usually classified into cleavage fractures and quasicleavage fractures based on the fracture surface morphology. Cleavage fractures are fractures that occur along the crystal plane with the weakest atomic bonding strength, i.e., the cleavage plane, without plastic deformation. Generally, they do not occur on a single cleavage plane, but across several parallel cleavage planes. Therefore, they are characterized by the formation of a river-like pattern called a cleavage step or river pattern on the fracture surface unit called a cleavage facet. In contrast, quasicleavage fractures show the same morphology as cleavage fractures, but the structure is so fine that it is difficult to identify the cleavage plane, hence the name quasicleavage fracture. Numerous small defects combine with plastic deformation to cause fracture. … From [Fractography]…Dimple fracture surfaces include circular and elongated ones, and the stress state that contributed to the fracture can be determined by the shape and orientation of the dimple. In addition, in brittle fracture, river-like patterns are left behind due to separation at the cleavage plane, and are called river patterns. This indicates that the crack propagated in the direction where several tributaries join, just like the flow of a river. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "river pattern" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 脆性破壊は破面形態から,へき開破壊cleavage fractureと擬へき開破壊quasicleavage fractureに分けるのが普通である。へき開破壊というのは,原子の結合力の最も弱い結晶面,つまりへき開面に沿って塑性変形することなく分離破壊するもので,一般に一つのへき開面で起こるのではなく,平行ないくつかのへき開面にまたがっているため,へき開ファセットcleavage facetとよばれる破面単位の上にへき開段cleavage stepあるいはリバーパターンriver patternとよばれる川状の模様を生じるのが特徴である。これに対し擬へき開破壊というのは,へき開破壊と同様の形態を示すが,その組織が微細で,へき開面を確認しがたいことから擬へき開破壊と名づけられたもので,多数の微小欠陥が塑性変形とともに合体し,破壊に至っている。… 【フラクトグラフィー】より…ディンプル破面のなかにも円形のもの,伸ばされたものなどが存在し,破壊に寄与した応力状態がディンプルの形状,向きによって判別できる。また,脆性破壊(ぜいせいはかい)では,へき開面での分離による河川状の模様が残され,リバーパターンriver patternと呼ばれている。これは,川の流れと同様にいくつかの支流が合流する方向に亀裂が伝播したことを物語る。… ※「river pattern」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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