Perineal tear

Japanese: 会陰裂傷 - えいんれっしょう
Perineal tear

This refers to damage that occurs between the anus and the vulva (lower end of the vulva) during childbirth. It is classified into first to fourth degree depending on the severity of the laceration. A first degree laceration is only to the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the perineum, while a second degree laceration extends to the deep muscle layer of the perineum or vaginal wall. A third degree laceration reaches the anal sphincter, and a fourth degree laceration damages the rectal mucosa as well. These lacerations are more likely to occur in primiparas where the vagina and perineum are not fully stretched, or when the fetus is large. If the laceration is immediately sutured after childbirth, there are usually no aftereffects, but if it becomes infected or blood accumulates, causing a hematoma, the sutures may separate and require several days to heal. If a fourth degree laceration does not heal completely, a rectovaginal fistula may form, which connects the vagina and rectum.

To prevent perineal tears, it has long been the practice for caregivers to protect the perineum by slowly progressing the passage of the fetal head and preventing rapid stretching of the perineum. However, even if no visible perineal tears occur, tears or excessive stretching of the subcutaneous tissue and deep muscle layer can cause relaxation of the vaginal wall after childbirth, which can lead to dissatisfaction with sex life later on. In addition, incisions made beforehand allow for faster healing and are less likely to cause tears that reach the rectum, so episiotomy is often performed when the perineum has stretched to a certain extent. Episiotomy is divided into midline incision and midline side incision methods depending on the incision site.

[Masao Arai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

おもに分娩(ぶんべん)時にみられる肛門(こうもん)と外陰部(陰裂下端)の間に生ずる損傷をいう。裂傷の程度によって1度から4度までに分類される。1度裂傷は会陰部の皮膚および皮下組織のみの裂傷で、2度裂傷はさらに会陰や腟壁(ちつへき)の深部筋層まで及んだものをいう。3度裂傷では肛門括約筋にまで達し、4度裂傷は直腸粘膜をも損傷するものをいう。これらの裂傷は、腟や会陰の伸展が十分でない初産婦や、胎児が大きいときに生じやすい。分娩後ただちに縫合すれば通常は後遺症を残さないが、感染したり血液がたまって血腫(けっしゅ)をつくると、縫合部が離開して治癒に日数を要することがある。4度裂傷で治癒が不完全な場合は、腟と直腸が通じてしまう直腸腟瘻(ろう)を形成することもある。

 会陰裂傷を予防するため、介助者が児頭の通過をゆっくり進行させて会陰の急速な伸展を防ぐ会陰保護を行うことが、古くから行われてきた。しかし、目に見える会陰裂傷を生じていなくても、皮下組織や深部筋層の断裂あるいは過度伸展によって産後の腟壁の弛緩(しかん)を生じ、のちに性生活に不満を残すことがあるほか、あらかじめ切開しておいたほうが治癒が早く、直腸に達するような裂傷を生じにくいことなどから、会陰部がある程度伸展した時点で切開する会陰切開が行われることも多い。会陰切開は、切開部位によって正中切開法と正中側切開法に分けられる。

[新井正夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Euander - Euanderus

>>:  Perineal protection

Recommend

Shirane Sanzan - Shirane Sanzan

Also written as Shiraneyama. A mountain range in t...

Kabuongyokuchouji - Kabuongyokuchouji

…(2) It refers broadly to performing arts. In the...

thewritofhabeascorpus

...Disclosure of the reasons for detention is a p...

Gas interferometer

A type of gas measuring device that is widely used...

Yin Yuanliang

Year of death: 29 March 16 (27 April 1767) Year of...

Gorobei the dew - Gorobei the dew

Rakugo performer. [Kazuo Sekiyama] First generati...

Arche

In Greek philosophy, the origin or principle of al...

Desalination - Kaien (English spelling) Xiè yán

Granular salt produced from a salt pond in the sou...

Kaigen - Kaigen

〘Noun〙 A ceremony to open the three barriers at Os...

Electrostriction

The phenomenon of mechanical distortion and deform...

Measurable set

Let R be a Euclidean space. A set for which the Le...

Field archery

...That is, (1) stance, (2) set, (3) knock, (4) s...

Cooper, AS

… The 50 years following Wöhler's discovery w...

Mount Ariake

Located in the northwest of Matsumoto Basin in Na...

CET - Computer Engineering Testing

《 central European time 》⇒Central European Standar...