Simon, H.

Japanese: Simon,H.(英語表記)SimonH
Simon, H.

…The history of psychiatric occupational therapy is very old, and occupations, together with exercise, games, and music, have been used as a treatment for mental illness since before the Common Era. However, it was a groundbreaking event when France's P. Pinel freed psychiatric patients from their chains and assigned them occupations at the end of the 18th century, and it can be said that modern occupational therapy began with him. Moreover, it was Herman Simon (1867-1947) of Germany who first systematized it academically as aktive Krankenbehandlung in 1927. Simon recognized the significance of occupations in that they strengthen and promote the remaining healthy aspects of the patient, thereby overcoming the impaired pathological parts. …

From [Mental Health]

...Looking at mental hygiene activities since the early modern period, the late 18th century French physician Pinel led the way in freeing the mentally ill at the Bicetre Hospital from restraints and treating them humanely. This narrow definition of mental hygiene practice was continued by J. Conolly in England and H. Simon in Germany. Meanwhile, the mental health promotion movement was thriving in America, where Beers published a book based on his own experiences, Till I Met My Soul (1908), and founded the Connecticut Mental Hygiene Association. ...

From [Mental Hospital]

...Then, during World War I and World War II, many patients fell victim to food shortages and other factors. In this climate, the German Herman Simon (1867-1947) used occupational therapy as a treatment in psychiatric hospitals, systematized it (1929), and it spread to other countries. After World War II, when psychotropic drug therapy was developed, the recovery rate improved, leading to a reevaluation of the hospital-centered approach to treatment, and the promotion of open-type treatment.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Simon, H." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…精神科作業療法の歴史は非常に古く,作業が運動や遊戯や音楽などといっしょに精神病の治療法として用いられたのは紀元前からであるという。しかし,18世紀末にフランスのP.ピネルが精神病患者を鎖から解放して作業を課したことは画期的なことであり,近代の作業療法は彼に始まるといってよく,また,その学問的な体系づけはドイツのジーモンHerman Simon(1867‐1947)が1927年に賦活療法aktive Krankenbehandlungとして体系化したのが最初である。ジーモンは,作業が患者の中に残存する健康な面を強化・増進させることによって,障害された病的な部分が克服されることに意義を認めた。…

【精神衛生】より

… 近世以降の精神衛生活動をみると,18世紀末フランスのピネルは,ビセートル病院の精神障害者を拘束から解放し人道的に扱う方向を開いた。このような狭義の精神衛生の実践はイギリスのコノリーJ.ConollyやドイツのジーモンH.Simonに受け継がれた。一方,精神保健の推進運動はアメリカで盛んであり,ビアーズはみずからの体験をもとに著書《わが魂に会うまで》(1908)を発行し,コネティカット精神衛生協会を設立した。…

【精神病院】より

…そして第1次,第2次大戦下では,多くの患者が食糧難などの犠牲となった。このような風潮のなかで,ドイツのジーモンHerman Simon(1867‐1947)は作業療法を精神病院内の治療行為に用い,これを体系化し(1929),これが各国に普及するようになった。第2次大戦後,向精神薬療法が開発されてから,治癒率の向上に伴い精神病院の収容中心主義が反省され,開放的治療が促進されるに至った。…

※「Simon,H.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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