Stamm

Japanese: Stamm

... For the 300 years between the 1st century AD, when Caesar and Tacitus wrote their works, and the beginning of the so-called Great Migration in the late 4th century, there are no comprehensive written sources, so it is difficult to empirically trace the movements of the Germanic peoples as a whole during that time. However, if we infer from later sources, it seems that there were complex mergers and reunions between the small civitas mentioned above due to various circumstances, such as fighting, migration, and unrest, and as a result, by the time of the Great Migration, the names of the former civitas had mostly disappeared from the historical sources, with the exception of a very small number of them, and instead several larger groups of tribes, or Stamms, had been formed. The formation of the Stamms is presumed to have been an extremely diverse and gradual phenomenon that occurred from about the middle of the 2nd century to the 4th century, but the content was the merging of several civitas through conquest, alliances, unions, and other reasons during the migration, and it was not uncommon for the Stamm to include ethnic groups other than the Germanic peoples during the process of such changes. ...

From [The Great Migration]

...This is because both groups seem to have merged with various other peoples and changed in the process of migration. As for the Germanic peoples, they had already begun to migrate independently in various parts of Germania around the end of the 2nd century, and the old political units of the Civitas gradually collapsed, and were replaced by several larger Stamms, or tribal groups, which became active in migrating far to the east and south. The reason why the Eastern and Western Goths happened to come into contact with the Huns was that they had begun to migrate from the Baltic coast at the end of the 2nd century, and had advanced southeastward, repeating settlement and migration, until finally by the 4th century they had split into East Goths and West Goths and settled in the area on the north coast of the Black Sea between the Dnieper and Danube rivers.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Stamm" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　カエサル，タキトゥスの著作が出た紀元前後の1世紀から，4世紀後半のいわゆる民族大移動の開始までのほぼ300年間は，まとまった文献史料がなく，その間におけるゲルマン民族全体の動向を実証的にあとづけることは困難である。しかし後の史料から逆推すると，その間，前述した群小キウィタス相互の間に，種々の事情から戦闘，移住，動乱などによる複雑な離合があったらしく，結果的にいって，民族大移動のころになると，かつてのキウィタスのそれぞれの呼称は，ごく一部のものをのぞいて，おおむね史料からその名を消し，それに代わっていっそう大きな集団としての幾つかの部族，すなわちシュタムStammのまとまりができていることがわかる。シュタムの形成は，ほぼ2世紀の中葉から4世紀にかけての，きわめて多様かつ漸次的な現象であったと推察されるが，その内容は，移動中の征服，同盟，連合その他の理由で，幾つものキウィタスが合体したものであり，そうした変動の過程で，シュタムの中にゲルマン人以外の異民族を含む場合も，決してまれではなかった。…

【民族大移動】より

…それは，両者とも移動の過程で雑多な異民族と合体し，かつ変質していると思われるからである。　ゲルマン人についてみると，ゲルマニアの各地では，すでに2世紀の末ころから独自の移動が始まっており，古い政治的まとまりであるキウィタスが漸次に崩壊して，それに代わるより大きないくつかのシュタムStamm，すなわち部族集団が現れ，これが単位となって遠く東方へ，また南方へと移動が活発化していた。東西両ゴート族がたまたまフン族に接触することとなったのは，彼らがバルト海沿岸から2世紀末に移動を始め，定住と移動を繰り返しつつ南東方に進み，ようやく4世紀にいたってドニエプル，ドナウ両川に挟まれた黒海北岸一帯で，東ゴート，西ゴートに分かれて定住していたからである。…

※「Stamm」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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