Nitrosyl chloride - Encanitrosyl

Although NOCl is the most common, nitrosyl dichloride, _NOCl2 , and nitrosyl trichloride, _NOCl3, also exist. _NO2Cl is also known as nitroyl chloride. [ I ] Nitrosyl chloride: NOCl (65.46). It can be obtained by reacting carbon monoxide and chlorine at -80°C in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst, or by reacting HCl and _{N2O5 .} At room temperature, it is an orange-yellow gas. It has a bent linear molecule, Cl-NO, with Cl-N 1.975 Å and N-O 1.134 Å. ∠Cl-N-O 113.3°. Melting point -61.5°C, boiling point -5.5°C. When the gas is heated,

2NOCl 2NO + _Cl2

On the other hand, in liquids,

NOCl NO ⁺ + Cl ^-

It ionizes as shown below. The liquid is not explosive, but is highly corrosive and can damage the skin and mucous membranes. In organic synthesis, it is used as a chlorinating reagent, nitrating agent, and oxidizing agent. It is toxic. [CAS 2696-92-6] [ II ] Nitrosyl dichloride: _NOCl2 (100.91). It is produced along with NOCl in the reaction of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid. [ III ] Nitrosyl trichloride: _NOCl3 (136.36). Crystals that form when a mixture of NOCl and _Cl2 is cooled to -80°C, and are thought to be the addition compound NOCl･ _Cl2 .

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

一般にはNOClをさすが，ほかに二塩化ニトロシルNOCl₂，三塩化ニトロシルNOCl₃も存在する．なお，NO₂Clは塩化ニトロイルという．【Ⅰ】塩化ニトロシル(nitrosyl chloride)：NOCl(65.46)．活性炭触媒の存在下－80 ℃ で一酸化炭素と塩素を反応させるか，HClとN₂O₅を反応させると得られる．室温では橙黄色の気体．折れ線形分子Cl-N-Oで，Cl-N1.975 Å，N-O1.134 Å．∠Cl-N-O113.3°．融点－61.5 ℃，沸点－5.5 ℃．気体を加熱すると，

2NOCl 2NO ＋ Cl₂

のように解離する．一方，液体では，

NOCl NO^＋ ＋ Cl^－

のように電離している．液体には爆発性はないが，腐食性が大きく皮膚や粘膜をおかす．有機合成で，塩素化試薬，ニトロ化剤，酸化剤などに用いられる．有毒．[CAS 2696-92-6]【Ⅱ】二塩化ニトロシル(nitrosyl dichloride)：NOCl₂(100.91)．濃塩酸と濃硝酸の反応で，NOClとともに生じる．【Ⅲ】三塩化ニトロシル(nitrosyl trichloride)：NOCl₃(136.36)．NOClと Cl₂ の混合物を－80 ℃ に冷却するときに生じる結晶で，付加化合物NOCl･Cl₂と考えられる．

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