helper

Japanese: helper
helper

…On the other hand, there are birds where the male does everything, but they are very few in number. In recent years, cases have been reported in which individuals other than the parents help with this activity, and they are called "helpers." It has been discovered that most of these are older siblings from the previous year or the same year. In addition to monogamous and monosexual, there are various other breeding patterns, such as monogamous and polygamous, monogamous and polygamous, and promiscuous. For more information on these, please refer to the entry on "mating patterns." …

From [Mating Type]

...However, in general, pair-bonding is weak in invertebrates. Among monogamous animals, there is a system of cooperative breeding in which only one male and one female live in a group and the other members act as helpers to help with reproduction. This is known from fish, birds, and mammals, and the first-born child often helps the parents take care of their younger siblings. ...

*Some terminology explanations that mention "helper" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…逆にすべてを雄が行う鳥もあるが,それはごく少数である。近年になって,親鳥以外の個体がこのような活動を手伝う例が相次いで報告されて〈ヘルパーhelper〉と呼ばれているが,そのほとんどは前年または同年生れの兄姉であることがわかってきた。なお,繁殖様式としては一雄一雌のほか,一雄多雌,一雌多雄,乱婚型などさまざまの形があるが,それについては〈配偶型〉の項目を参照されたい。…

【配偶型】より

…しかし,総じて無脊椎動物ではつがい関係は希薄である。 一夫一妻制の中には,群れ生活をしていながらその中の1匹の雄と1匹の雌のみがつがい関係をもち,他のメンバーはヘルパーhelper(手伝い)としてその繁殖を手伝う協同繁殖というシステムもある。魚類,鳥類,哺乳類で知られており,先に生まれた子どもが親を手伝って弟妹の世話をする場合が多い。…

※「helper」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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