épaule (English spelling) epaule

Japanese: épaule(英語表記)epaule
épaule (English spelling) epaule

… In expressions such as “stiff shoulders,” “smacking shoulders,” and “carrying shoulders,” the word “shoulder” refers to the back of the neck, but the kanji character for “shoulder” is a combination of the pictograph of “kata,” which includes the shoulder blade, and the character for “moon,” so it is more natural to refer to the shoulder from the nape to the base of the arm. The same goes for shoulder (English), Schulter (German), and épaule (French), all of which originally meant the flat part, that is, the shoulder blade, and then came to mean the shoulder. The muscles attached to the top of the shoulder blade form the line of the shoulder, so shoulder, Schulter, and épaule are almost the same as the everyday word for shoulder. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "épaule" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…〈肩が凝る〉〈肩をたたく〉〈肩に担ぐ〉などの肩は頸(くび)の一部である後頸部にあたるが,〈肩〉という漢字は肩甲骨を含む〈かた〉の象形〈戸〉に〈月(にくづき)〉を加えたものだから,字形からは項(うなじ)より腕の付け根までを肩とするほうが自然である。shoulder(英語),Schulter(ドイツ語),épaule(フランス語)なども同様で,いずれも原義は平たんな部分,つまり肩甲骨を指し,次いで肩を言う語となった。その肩甲骨の上部につく筋肉が肩の線をつくっているから,shoulder,Schulter,épauleなどは日常語の肩とほぼ一致している。…

※「épaule」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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