Kingdom of Jerusalem

Japanese: エルサレム王国 - エルサレムおうこく(英語表記)Kingdom of Jerusalem
Kingdom of Jerusalem
A kingdom established in Jerusalem by the Crusaders (1099-1291). Around the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks invaded Jerusalem, a holy place for European Christians, and persecuted Christians who made pilgrimages there. In response to this request, Pope Urban II held a religious council in Clermont in 1095 and proclaimed the restoration of the Holy Land. In response to this request, the First Crusade, mainly consisting of French knights, was formed in 1096 and set out on an expedition, passing through Asia Minor and arriving in Jerusalem in 1099. After fierce battles with the Turkish army, they recaptured the Holy Land and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Shortly thereafter, however, the Turks regained their strength, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem was put in jeopardy, so the Second Crusade (1147-49) launched an expedition to relieve them, but failed and returned home. The Third (89-92), Fourth (1202-04), Fifth (18-21), Sixth (27-45), Seventh (48-68), and Eighth (68-91) Crusaders followed, but all were unsuccessful, and the rebuilding of the Kingdom of Jerusalem failed.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
十字軍によってエルサレムに樹立された王国 (1099~1291) 。 11世紀頃,ヨーロッパ・キリスト教徒の聖地であるエルサレムにセルジューク・トルコが進出して,巡礼して訪れるキリスト教徒に迫害を加えたので,時の教皇ウルバヌス2世は,1095年クレルモンに宗教会議を開き,聖地回復を宣言した。その要請に応じて,フランスの騎士を中心にした第1次十字軍が 96年に結成されて遠征の途につき,小アジア地方を経て 99年にエルサレムに到着,トルコ軍と激戦して聖地を奪回し,ここにエルサレム王国を建設した。しかし,その後まもなくトルコ人は再び勢いを得て,エルサレム王国の存立は危機に瀕したため,第2次十字軍 (1147~49) がこれを救援するため遠征したが失敗して帰国,続いて第3次 (89~92) ,第4次 (1202~04) ,第5次 (18~21) ,第6次 (27~45) ,第7次 (48~68) ,第8次 (68~91) と十字軍の遠征が行われたが,いずれも成功せず,エルサレム王国の再建は失敗に終った。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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