Lincoln Ellsworth

Japanese: エルズワース - えるずわーす(英語表記)Lincoln Ellsworth
Lincoln Ellsworth

American polar explorer. First person to fly across the North and South Poles. Born in Chicago, graduated from Columbia University and Yale University. Initially worked as a railroad and mining engineer. Joined the Air Force during World War I, and this experience inspired him to explore and investigate large areas by aircraft. In 1924, together with Amundsen, he flew across the North Pole from Svalbard (Spitsbergen) to 87°44′N in two N-24 flying boats. He then attempted a trans-Arctic flight in an airship, and together with Amundsen and Nobile, he successfully flew from Svalbard to Terror in Alaska in the Norge. They flew over the North Pole on May 12, 1926. In 1931, he attempted an Arctic expedition with Sir Hubert Wilkins in the submarine Nautilus, but the expedition was abandoned due to rudder failure. In 1935, he completed a 3,680 km trans-Antarctic flight (from Dundee Island off the Antarctic Peninsula to the Bay of Whales in the Ross Sea) in a single-engine plane called Polar Star, with four landings along the way. From 1938 to 1939, he also surveyed a vast area on the Indian Ocean side of Antarctica from the air. His surveying using aerial photographs can be said to have opened up new horizons in polar exploration. For these achievements, he was awarded a special gold medal by the U.S. Congress. Ellsworth Land, named after him, is located in the area of ​​Antarctica facing the Bellingshausen Sea.

[Masao Hanzawa]

[References] | Amundsen

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの極地探検家。空中から北極、南極を横断した最初の人。シカゴに生まれ、コロンビア大学、エール大学を卒業。初め鉄道、鉱山技師として活躍した。第一次世界大戦で空軍に入隊、この経験から航空機による広域の探検、調査を志向するようになる。1924年、アムンゼンとともにN‐24飛行艇2機で、スバールバル諸島(スピッツベルゲン諸島)から北緯87度44分までの北極飛行を行った。ついで飛行船による北極横断飛行に挑み、アムンゼン、ノビレとともに、ノルゲ号でスバールバルからアラスカのテラーまでの飛行に成功した。北極点上空通過は26年5月12日である。31年、ウィルキンスSir Hubert Wilkinsと潜水艇ノーチラス号による北極探検を試みたが、舵(かじ)の故障で中止。35年、3680キロメートルにわたる南極大陸横断飛行(南極半島沖のダンディー島からロス海の鯨(くじら)湾に至る)を、途中4回の着陸で単発機ポーラー・スター号により完遂した。38~39年にも、南極大陸のインド洋側の広大な地域を空中から調査した。空中写真を活用した測量調査は、極地探検に新生面を開いたといえよう。これらの功績により、アメリカ議会から特別金メダルを受賞している。彼にちなんで命名されたエルズワース・ランドが、南極大陸のベリングスハウゼン海に面した地域にある。

[半澤正男]

[参照項目] | アムンゼン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Maurice Herzog

>>:  Erzurum (English spelling)

Recommend

Coordinate transformation - transformation of coordinate system

The question of what happens when a mathematical o...

Chu Si-gyŏng (Chu Shi Jing)

1876‐1914 Korean linguist. Born in Fongsan, Hwangh...

Large blue dragonfly - Large blue dragonfly

…There are about 200 species distributed in Asia,...

Ophiuchus (the snake-watching constellation)

Its abbreviation is Oph. It is a large constellati...

Vulvar cancer - vulvar cancer

A general term for cancers occurring in the female...

metallic wood-boring beetle

…There are many large, beautifully colored beetle...

de Klerk, M.

… Rietveld and Oud of the same group continued Be...

Winkelried, A. von (English spelling) Winkelried Avon

...Today, a Landsgemeinde (a direct democratic re...

Stuparich, C. (English spelling)

...The Trieste Regionalist writers, who belonged ...

Girdle

A waistband or an elastic informal corset for wome...

Swamp radish - Swamp radish

A perennial herb of the Asteraceae family (illustr...

Kunitaro Kawarasaki

Kabuki actor. The son of the 6th head of the Edo K...

Dezhnev [Cape] - Dezhnev

The cape at the northeastern tip of Siberia, Russi...

Cooling tower

Power plants and chemical plants use large amount...

Terpene - Terpene (English spelling)

Among the main components of essential oils, comp...