Meseta - English spelling

Japanese: メセタ - めせた(英語表記)Meseta
Meseta - English spelling

A vast plateau in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, in the western part of the European continent. It is a sedimentary basin formed by the Alpine orogeny and other processes, with the Iberian Central Massif formed as its base. Overall, it slopes slightly west and south. It is divided into north and south by the Central Mountain Range (2,000-2,500 meters) that runs from east-northeast to west-southwest. The northern part is the high Meseta, Castilla y Leon, with an average elevation of 700-800 meters, and the southern part is the low Meseta, Castilla-La Mancha, with an average elevation of 600 meters. The population density is low, except for a few large urban areas such as Madrid. As it is inland and surrounded by mountains, the temperature difference is large and it is dry. Agriculture is extensive, but intensive irrigated fields can be seen in the Duero and Badajoz river basins.

[Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa]

history

In ancient times, it was a major settlement of Iberians or Celtic Iberians. After being ruled by the Romans and the Visigoths, it was invaded by Muslims in the 8th century and became a major stage of the Reconquista (war of recovery) throughout the Middle Ages. A Castilian-style feudal society was formed here, where the royal family entrusted land to knights who had distinguished themselves, and the relationship between lord and vassal was loose. During this period, migratory sheep farming developed, taking advantage of the characteristics of the dry grasslands, and flocks of sheep would travel south in the fall to spend the winter, and travel north the following spring to be sheared in old Castile (Castilla y Leon), and the wool was exported from northern ports. The Mestas, a union of these sheep farms, had great authority. In modern times, when Spain was unified around Castile, administrative centers such as Valladolid and Madrid were established. Furthermore, the control of the landed nobility, centered in the south, was strong until the 20th century, and they controlled industrial areas such as Catalonia.

[Yasuhiro Fukazawa]

[References] | Iberian Peninsula

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ヨーロッパ大陸西部、イベリア半島中央部の広大な高原。ヘルシニア造山運動により生じたイベリア中央山塊がその基盤をなし、アルプス造山運動などにより形成された堆積(たいせき)盆地。全体としてやや西と南に傾斜する。東北東から西南西に走る中央山系(2000~2500メートル)により南北に二分される。北部は平均標高700~800メートルの高位メセタすなわちカスティーリャ・イ・レオン、南部は600メートルの低位メセタでカスティーリャ・ラ・マンチャである。マドリードなど少数の大都市域を除き人口密度は低い。山地に囲まれた内陸のため気温較差が大きく、乾燥する。農業は粗放的であるが、ドゥエロ川、バダホス川流域には集約的な灌漑(かんがい)畑がみられる。

[田辺 裕・滝沢由美子]

歴史

古代にはイベリア人ないしケルト・イベリア人の主要な居住地であった。ローマと西ゴート人の支配を受けたのち、8世紀にイスラム教徒が侵入し、中世を通じてレコンキスタ(国土回復戦争)の主要な舞台となった。この地に形成されたのがカスティーリャ型封建社会で、王室は功績をたてた騎士に土地を信託し、領主・家臣関係は緩やかなものであった。この時期に乾燥した草原の特性を利用した移動牧羊が発達、ヒツジの群れは秋に南下して越冬し、翌年春に北上して旧カスティーリャ(カスティーリャ・イ・レオン)で剪毛(せんもう)され、羊毛は北部諸港から輸出された。その組合であるメスタは大きな権限をもった。近代に入り、カスティーリャを中心にスペインが統一されると、バリャドリード、マドリードなど行政中心地が置かれた。また南部を中心とする土地貴族の支配が20世紀まで強力で、カタルーニャなどの工業地域を抑えてきた。

[深澤安博]

[参照項目] | イベリア半島

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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