Date of birth and death unknown. A great master of Buddhism in ancient India around 100 AD, and an outstanding poet and man of letters. A Chinese translation of Aśvaghoa's name. Originally a Brahmin with deep learning, he later converted to Buddhism and, receiving the respect of King Kanishka, contributed to the development and spread of Buddhism. On the other hand, he was influenced by the Ramayana and, as a forerunner of Kalidasa, the pinnacle of Sanskrit literature, he occupies an important position in the history of classical Sanskrit literature in that he laid the foundation for the development of skillful Kabya (beautiful style) literature. Many works are attributed to him, but the most well-known are the Buddhacarita (Praise of the Deeds of the Buddha), a Kabya script story about the life of the Buddha, the Saundara-nanda-Kabya, which tells of the conversion of the Buddha's handsome half-brother Nanda, and the Shariputra Prakarana, considered the first example of Sanskrit drama. Other important works whose authenticity is unknown include the Mahayana Awakening of Faith Treatise, which has been widely read since ancient times as an introductory book to Mahayana Buddhism, the Vajra Sukyi (Vajra Needle Treatise), which denies the four-caste system, the Mahasthamaprabhasa Sutra, a collection of stories on cause and effect and metaphor, and the Gandhi Stotra (Praise of the Brahma of Gandhi), which praises the power of Gandhi (the great sage) and the virtues of Buddha. [Shikiko Maeda December 12, 2016] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生没年不詳。100年ころの古代インドの仏教界の巨匠であり、優れた詩人・文学者。アシュバゴーシャAśvaghoaの漢訳名。元来は深い学識をもつバラモンであるが、のち仏教に帰依(きえ)し、カニシカ王の尊崇を受けて仏教の発展、普及に貢献。他方、『ラーマーヤナ』の影響を受け、かつサンスクリット文学の最高峰カーリダーサの先駆者として、技巧的なカービア(美文体)文学発達の礎石となった点において、古典サンスクリット文学史上重要な位置を占める。彼には多数の著作が帰せられているが、確実に真作とされている代表的な作品は、カービア体で仏陀(ぶっだ)(釈迦(しゃか))の生涯を歌った『ブッダチャリタ』(『仏所行讃(ぶっしょぎょうさん)』)、仏陀の異母弟である美貌(びぼう)の青年ナンダ(難陀(なんだ))の改宗を描いた『サウンダラ・ナンダ・カービア』、サンスクリット劇の最初の実例とされる『シャーリプトラ・プラカラナ』である。そのほか真偽が不明ではあるが重要な作品に、古来大乗仏教の入門書として広く読まれている『大乗起信論(だいじょうきしんろん)』、四姓制度を否認する『バジュラ・スーチー』(『金剛針論(こんごうしんろん)』)、因縁(いんねん)・比喩(ひゆ)の説話集『大荘厳論経(だいしょうごんろんきょう)』、ガンディー(犍椎(けんつい))の威力をたたえ仏徳を賛嘆する『ガンディー・ストートラ』(『犍椎梵讃(けんついぼんさん)』)などがある。 [前田式子 2016年12月12日] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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