A city in eastern Turkey, capital of the province of the same name. It is located on a fertile plain (1950m above sea level) surrounded by mountains of 3000m or higher. It has been on the caravan route to the surrounding regions since ancient times, and is a major transit point for the railway and highway from the capital Ankara to Armenia, and the highway from Trabzon to Iran. A Byzantine fort was established in the 5th century, and it flourished under the rule of the Seljuk Turks from the early 13th century, and became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1515. The theological seminary and the great mosque from the Seljuk Turks remain. The first Grand National Assembly of the Republic of Turkey was held here in July 1919, and Atatürk University was established here in 1958. It is a center for the collection and distribution of livestock, and has a sugar refinery. Population: 242,391 (1990). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
トルコ東部の都市で,同名県の県都。 3000m級の山々に囲まれた肥沃な平原 (標高 1950m) に位置する。古くから周辺の地方への隊商ルートにあったが,首都アンカラからアルメニアに通じる鉄道やハイウェー,トラブゾンからイランにいたるハイウェーなどの主要な中継点である。5世紀にビザンチンの砦がおかれ,13世紀初頭以来セルジューク・トルコ統治下で栄え,1515年オスマン帝国領となった。セルジューク・トルコ時代の神学校,大モスクなどが残っている。 1919年7月にトルコ共和国第1回大国民会議が開かれた地で,58年アタチュルク大学が設置された。家畜の集散の中心地で,精糖工場などもある。人口 24万 2391 (1990) 。
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