Daedalus - Daidalos (English spelling)

Japanese: ダイダロス - だいだろす(英語表記)Daidalos
Daedalus - Daidalos (English spelling)

An exceptional craftsman who appears in Greek mythology. He is said to be a descendant of the legendary Athenian king Erechtheus. Daedalus means "skillfully crafted" and is considered a symbol of Athenian craftsmanship. It is said that there was a clan of craftsmen near Athens whose ancestor was Daedalidae (meaning "descendants of Daedalus"). In Crete, Sicily, Egypt and other places, there are ancient relics that are said to be the work of Daedalus, including various legends.

He was not only a master of construction, but also the inventor of tools such as axes, awls, glue, and levels. One day, Daedalus feared the genius of his nephew Talos, who was training under him as an apprentice, and pushed him off the Acropolis, killing him. Due to the crime of incest, he fled to the Cretan king Minos, where he made a wooden cow for Queen Pasiphae. He made the queen crawl into it, and Pasiphae was able to satisfy her love for the bull, which she mistakenly thought was a real cow, but the queen eventually gave birth to the bull-headed monster, the Minotaur. Daedalus was then ordered by King Minos to make a labyrinth, but he was trapped inside it along with the Minotaur. He then made artificial wings and escaped the labyrinth with his son Icarus. When Icarus disobeyed his father's command, his wings fell off and he fell into the sea and was drowned, and Daedalus fled to Kamiscus in Sicily.

[Teruo Ito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア神話に出てくるたぐいまれなる名工。伝説上のアテナイ(アテネ)王エレクテウスの子孫とされる。ダイダロスとは「巧みに技を凝らした」の意で、アテナイの工芸技術の象徴的存在と考えられる。またアテナイ近郊には、彼を祖とする工芸家の氏族ダイダリダイ(「ダイダロスの後裔(こうえい)」の意)がいたといい、クレタ、シチリア、エジプトなどには、さまざまな伝承を含むダイダロスの作と称される古い時代の遺物があった。

 彼は建築工芸の名匠であるだけでなく、斧(おの)や錐(きり)、膠(にかわ)、水準器などの道具の発明者でもあった。あるときダイダロスは、彼のもとで徒弟として修業していた甥(おい)のタロスの天分を恐れ、アクロポリスから突き落として殺してしまう。その近親殺害の罪科から、クレタ王ミノスのもとへ亡命するが、そこで王妃パシファエのために木造の牝牛(めうし)をつくった。その中に王妃をもぐり込ませ、本物の牝牛と思い込んだ牡牛(おうし)により、パシファエは恋情を満たすことができたが、王妃はやがて牛頭の怪物ミノタウロスを生む。ダイダロスは次にミノス王に命じられて迷宮ラビリントスをつくったが、ミノタウロスともどもその中に押し込められてしまう。そこで人工の翼(つばさ)をこしらえて、息子イカロスとともに迷宮を飛び出た。イカロスは父の戒めを守らなかったために、翼が外れて海へ落ち、おぼれ死んだ。そしてダイダロスはシチリアのカミコスに逃れた。

[伊藤照夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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