Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) or Star Wars. Proposed by President Reagan in 1983, SDI aims to intercept and destroy Soviet ballistic missiles before they reach the territory of the United States or its allies using ground-based or space-based weapons systems. The Department of Defense (DOD) conducted research and development on (1) monitoring, detection, tracking, and destruction technologies for Soviet missiles, (2) directed energy weapons such as laser beam weapons, (3) kinetic energy weapons such as railguns, (4) system configuration, battle management, and (5) defense technologies to protect the system from attacks. SDI's interception method was a four-stage multi-layered defense system, aiming to enhance the deterrent effect. However, due to technical difficulties and the end of the Cold War, President Bush announced in his State of the Union on January 30, 1991 that the scale of SDI would be scaled down and its focus would be shifted to a limited ballistic missile defense system (GPALS) to protect the United States and its allies from missile attacks from the Third World rather than from missile attacks from the Soviet Union. President Clinton, who took office in January 1993, pushed for drastic cuts in defense spending, and in response, Secretary of Defense Aspin announced the formal scrapping of SDI on May 13, 1993, and made it clear that the United States would promote ballistic missile defense (BMD), a ground-based system to intercept tactical missiles. In the 10 years since President Reagan announced the SDI plan, the United States had spent approximately $30 billion on development costs. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
戦略防衛構想あるいはスターウォーズともいう。 1983年アメリカのレーガン大統領が提案したもので,ソ連の弾道ミサイルがアメリカや同盟諸国の領土に到達する前に,地上基地あるいは宇宙配備の兵器システムで迎撃,破壊しようというもの。アメリカ国防省は (1) ソ連ミサイルの監視,探知,追跡,破壊の各技術,(2) レーザービーム兵器などの指向性エネルギー兵器,(3) レールガンなどの運動エネルギー兵器,(4) システムの構成,戦闘管理,(5) システムを攻撃から守る防衛技術,について研究開発を行なった。 SDIの迎撃方法は4段階の多層防衛方式をとり,抑止力の効果を高めることをねらった。しかし,技術的困難と冷戦の終了によって,91年1月 30日ブッシュ大統領は『一般教書』のなかで,SDIの規模を縮小し,ソ連のミサイル攻撃よりも,第三世界からのミサイル攻撃からアメリカや同盟国を守る限定的弾道ミサイル防御システム (GPALS) にその主眼を移すことを発表した。 93年1月に就任したクリントン大統領は国防費の大幅削減を推し進め,これを受けてアスピン国防長官は 93年5月 13日に SDIの正式廃棄を発表,今後は地上基地システムで戦術ミサイルを迎撃する弾道ミサイル防衛 BMDを推進することを明らかにした。アメリカはレーガン大統領の SDI計画発表から 10年間に約 300億ドルの開発費を費やした。
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