Movable Feast - Movable Feast

Japanese: 移動祝日 - いどうしゅくじつ

…Therefore, the Lord's Day, which celebrates the events of Christ, falls mainly on Sundays, but as the Mithraic festival of the sun's birthday became Christianized, and with the exchange between Eastern and Western churches, Christmas came to be celebrated on December 25th and Epiphany on January 6th, and holidays with fixed dates came into being. Eventually, the anniversaries of martyrs, including the Virgin Mary and the Apostles, who testified to Christ's crucifixion and resurrection, became important, and some were called holidays. As a result, many holidays with fixed dates in the church calendar (fixed holidays) came to be called movable holidays, including Easter. The following table shows the liturgical seasons and the main Sundays and holidays in the liturgical year. …

From [Holidays]

...Although this is based on the solar calendar, complex calculations are required to match the movement of the lunar calendar with the Sundays of the seven-day week. Easter moves within a range of about one month depending on the year, and such holidays are called movable holidays, and therefore holidays related to Easter such as Pentecost and Ascension Day are also movable holidays. Although movable holidays are an extremely irrational system, they were a necessary measure due to the church's strong stance to avoid coinciding with the Jewish Passover.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "movable holidays" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…したがって，キリストのできごとを祝う主の祝日はおもに主日(日曜日)に当たるのであるが，ミトラス教の太陽の誕生日の祭がキリスト教化されるようになり，東西諸教会の交流もあって，クリスマスが12月25日に，公現祭が1月6日に祝われるようになり，月日で定まる祝日が生じた。やがて，キリストの受難死と復活をあかしした聖母や使徒をはじめ，殉教者の記念日がたいせつにされ，あるものは祝日と呼ばれ，教会暦の中に月日によって固定した多くの祝日(固定祝日)ができたので，復活祭をはじめ，月日の一定していない祝日は移動祝日と呼ばれるようになった。右に典礼暦年における典礼季節と主日･祝祭日のおもなものを一覧表にして掲げる。…

【祝祭日】より

…これは太陽暦に基づきながら，太陰暦の動きと7日週の日曜を重ね合わせるため，複雑な計算を要することになった。復活祭は年によって約1ヵ月間の範囲で動くが，このような祝日を移動祝日と呼び，したがって復活祭に関連する聖霊降臨祭，キリスト昇天祭などの祝日も移動祝日となる。移動祝日は，きわめて不合理な制度であるが，ユダヤ教の過越の祭との一致を避けるとの教会の強い態度からやむなくとられた措置といえよう。…

※「移動祝日」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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