Invariance with respect to the transformation group SU(3), which contains isospin and strangeness equally. It is a type of unitary symmetry. The SU(3) group is a transformation group in three-dimensional complex space (unitary space) with the charge space as a subspace, and the strong interaction is approximately invariant with respect to the SU(3) group. This is because the mass difference between the u, d, and s quarks is not very large. Hadrons are classified by their isospin-strangeness multiplets, which are irreducible representations of the SU(3) group. Each multiplet has the same spin and parity. For example, pseudoscalar meson octets (π + , π 0 , π - , K + , K 0 , , K - , η ) and singlets (η' ), vector meson nonets (K *+ , K *0 , ρ + , ρ 0 , ρ - , K *0 , K *- , ω, φ ), baryon octets (p, n, Λ, Σ + , Σ 0 , Σ - , Ξ 0 , Ξ - ), baryon decuplets (Δ ++ , Δ + , Δ 0 , Δ - , Σ *+ , Σ *0 , Σ *- , Ξ *0 , Ξ *- , Ω - ), etc. A simple formula (Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula) holds between the masses of particles belonging to multiplets, and it also determines the ratio of the strengths of interactions between hadrons. Furthermore, the strong interaction is approximately invariant for the transformation group SU(4), which includes charm in addition to isospin and strangeness. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アイソスピンとストレンジネスを同等に含む変換群 SU(3)に関する不変性。ユニタリ対称性の1種である。 SU(3)群は荷電空間を部分空間とする三次元複素空間(ユニタリ空間)内の変換群であり,強い相互作用は SU(3)群に関して近似的に不変である。これは u,d,s のクォークの質量差があまり大きくないことによる。ハドロンは SU(3)群の既約表現であるアイソスピン-ストレンジネス多重項によって分類される。各多重項は同一のスピン,パリティをもつ。たとえば,擬スカラー中間子の八重項( π+ , π0 , π- , K+ , K0 , , K- , η )および一重項( η' ),ベクトル中間子の九重項( K*+,K*0,ρ+,ρ0,ρ-,K*0,K*-,ω,φ ),バリオン八重項( p,n,Λ,Σ+,Σ0,Σ-,Ξ0,Ξ- ),バリオン十重項( Δ++,Δ+,Δ0,Δ-,Σ*+,Σ*0,Σ*-,Ξ*0,Ξ*-,Ω- )などの多重項が知られている。多重項に属する粒子の質量間には簡単な公式(ゲルマン=大久保の質量公式)が成り立ち,ハドロン間の相互作用の強さの比も決定される。なおアイソスピンとストレンジネスに加えてチャームをも同等に含む変換群 SU(4)に関しても,強い相互作用は近似的に不変である。
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