Manchester (English spelling)

Japanese: マンチェスター（英語表記）Manchester

Manchester is the central city of the Greater Manchester region in the north-central part of England. It is part of the Manchester region. It is located about 270 km northwest of London, at the confluence of the Irwell, Medlock, and Irk rivers. It is known as one of the pioneering cities of the Industrial Revolution, and together with the neighboring satellite cities of Salford, Stockport, Oldham, and Boulton, it forms one of the largest commercial and industrial areas in the UK. The Manchester Ship Canal and the Mersey River connect the city to the Irish Sea, and ocean-going ships can travel up the river to the city. It was chartered as a city in 1301, and the opportunity for great development came when textile traders who came from Flanders chose this area in 1330. At first, it flourished as a wool industry, but from around the 17th century, cotton textile production became active, and after the Industrial Revolution, it flourished as the center of the cotton industry and was called the "cotton capital". Today, the center of the textile industry has moved to the cities in the foothills of the Pennines to the north and east of the city, and the city mainly functions as a center for finance, insurance, transportation, etc. for the surrounding industrial areas. Heavy and light industries such as machinery, clothing, chemicals, dyes, oil, food, plastics, and electronics are also produced, but the emphasis is shifting to the service industry. It is the second largest newspaper center after London, and the birthplace of the modern library. Manchester University, founded in 1851, is particularly strong in the natural sciences, and its Department of Atomic Physics, which produced Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr, and Department of Astrophysics, which has one of the world's leading radio telescopes, are internationally renowned. Castlefield Park, which has a Roman fort and early canals, is home to a large museum, including the Museum of Science and Industry and the Museum of Transport, as well as the Manchester Art Gallery, and is a popular tourist destination. It has a large convention center used for international conferences and international exhibitions. It is the birthplace of politician David Lloyd George. Manchester International Airport is located in the southern suburbs. The city area is 116 ^km2 . The city population is 437,000 (2004 estimate).

Manchester
Manchester

A city in the state of New Hampshire, USA. It is located in the center of the state, about 87 km north of Boston, near the Amoskegg Falls on the Merrimack River. White settlers began settling there around 1722, and it was originally a fishing village also called Old Harry's Town. After 1805, the spinning industry developed using the water power of the falls, and in 1810 it was renamed after the British industrial city. In 1807, a canal was completed that connected the city to Boston via the Middlesex Canal. It was incorporated as a city in 1946. It developed into a center of the cotton textile industry, but after 1935 it faced a shrinking market, competition from foreign products, and the advance of silk and rayon, and it fell into decline due to damage from a flood in 1936 and a hurricane in 1938. Instead, industries in the leather, rubber, auto parts, electrical appliances, and electronics industries were established. It is also a center of retail. Population: 109,565 (2010).

Manchester
Manchester

A town in central Connecticut, USA. Bishop T. Hooker and his associates settled in 1672, and the town was established in 1823 with its current name. Lumber and paper mills were established there before independence. Later, glassware, cotton textiles, and silk textiles were also produced, and today there are a wide variety of factories. Population 51,618 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イギリス，イングランド中北部，グレーターマンチェスター地域の中心都市。マンチェスター地区を構成する。ロンドンの北西約 270km，アーウェル川，メドロック川，アーク川などの合流点に位置する。産業革命の先駆的都市の一つとして知られ，周辺のソルフォード，ストックポート，オールダム，ボールトンなどの衛星都市とともにイギリス有数の大商工業地帯を形成している。マンチェスターシップ運河とマージー川によってアイリッシュ海に通じ，外洋船が市まで遡行する。1301年に都市として勅許され，1330年にフランドルから渡来した織物業者たちがこの地を選んだのが大発展の契機で，初めは羊毛産業で栄えたが，17世紀頃から綿織物の生産が盛んとなり，産業革命後は綿工業の中心地として繁栄，「綿の首都」と呼ばれた。今日では繊維工業の中心は市の北方および東方のペナイン山麓の諸都市へ移動し，市はおもに周辺工業地帯の金融，保険，輸送などの中心地として機能している。機械，衣服，化学，染料，製油，食品，プラスチック，電子機器などの重・軽工業も行なわれるが，サービス業に比重が移ってきている。ロンドンに次ぐ新聞界の中心地で，近代図書館発祥の地。1851年に創設されたマンチェスター大学は，特に自然科学部門に優れ，アーネスト・ラザフォード，ニールス・ボーアらを生んだ原子物理学科，世界屈指の電波望遠鏡をもつ宇宙物理学科は国際的に有名。キャッスルフィールド公園には，ローマ時代の砦，初期の運河などが復元されており，大規模な科学産業博物館，交通博物館のほか，マンチェスター市立美術館など多くの美術館があり，観光客も多い。国際会議や国際見本市会場などに使われる大規模なコンベンション施設がある。政治家デービッド・ロイド・ジョージの生地。南郊にマンチェスター国際空港がある。都市面積 116km²。都市人口 43万7000（2004推計）。

マンチェスター
Manchester

アメリカ合衆国，ニューハンプシャー州の都市。州のほぼ中央，ボストン北方約 87km，メリマック川のアモスケッグ滝付近に位置する。 1722年頃から白人が植民し，当初はオールドハリーズタウンとも呼ばれた漁業集落であったが，1805年以後,滝の水力を利用して紡績業が発達，10年にイギリスの工業都市にちなんで改名された。 07年ミドルセックス運河を経てボストンに達する運河が完成。 46年市制。綿織物業の中心地に発展したが，1935年以降市場の縮小，外国製品との競合，絹とレーヨンの進出にあい，さらに 36年の洪水，38年のハリケーンの被害を受けて衰退し，代って皮革，ゴム，自動車部品，電気器具，エレクトロニクス工業が立地した。小売業の中心でもある。人口 10万9565（2010）。