Weak point - Ossho

Japanese: 負所 - おっしょ

In the Middle Ages, fields were exempt from part of the taxes levied on the land or from miscellaneous duties, and the exempted amount was paid. Originally the term was used by the farmers, but later the manor lords came to call such fields from which income was derived "kesho." Manors such as Kofuku-ji Temple's miscellaneous duties free fields, Todai-ji Temple's Daibutsu-kyuryome free fields, coriander free fields, Oyu free fields, and Kegon-e free fields were all manors made up of kesho. Manors made up of kesho often guaranteed their right to earn a share (profit) even in years when the rice was poorly ripened due to floods or droughts, but the share was small, around 1 to per tan, and the manor lords had no control over the land.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中世において，田地に賦課された所当官物(租税)の一部または雑役が免除され，その免除分が納入されたところ。本来は作人の側からの言葉であったが，のちには荘園領主側がそのような収入のある田地を負所と呼ぶようになった。興福寺雑役免田や東大寺の大仏供白米免田，香菜免田，御油免田，華厳会免田等の諸荘園は，いずれも負所から成る荘園であった。負所から成る荘園は，多くの場合，水害とか干害等により稲が不熟の年であってもその得分(収益)権は保障されていたが，得分は反別1斗程度の少量であり，荘園領主は下地に対する支配権をもたなかった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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