Japanese Studies Forum

This school was founded in 1793 (Kansei 5) by Hanawa Hokiichi, who applied to the shogunate. He lectured on Japanese studies, especially national history and ritsuryo, and edited and compiled many national documents. It was under the control of Hayashi Daigaku no Kami, and was given a site in Rokuban-cho, Kojimachi, Edo, for construction, and was also given a town house, which was used for various expenses with the tribute money from it. There, Hokiichi, together with his disciples Nakayama Nobuna and Yashiro Hirokata, continued the collection and editing of Gunsho Ruiju, a compilation of ancient documents spanning 1,680 volumes, which he had started earlier, and also worked on the compilation of Shiryo, a collection covering the period from Emperor Uda's accession to the throne to the inauguration of Tokugawa Ieyasu, and Buke Myomoku Sho, which concerns the samurai system. After Hokiichi's death in 1821 (Bunsei 4), his son Tadatomi took over, and after Tadataka's death in 1862 (Bunkyu 2), his son Tadatsugu took over as well, and together they continued the lectures and compilation work, and the organizational structure was gradually put in place, but the work declined during the turbulent period at the end of the Edo period, and with the Meiji Restoration it was abolished in June 1868 (Meiji 1), and its historical materials and manuscripts were taken over by the Meiji government's Bureau of History Compilation. However, at a time when only Chinese learning institutes existed in various regions, and when Japanese classical literature was at its peak with Motoori Norinaga, the significance of opening such an institute was great, and its history compiling work in particular has made an enormous contribution to future generations.

[Wada Sanzo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1793年（寛政5）塙保己一(はなわほきいち)が幕府に申請して創設した学舎。和学ことに国史、律令(りつりょう)を講じ、多くの国書を校訂、編纂(へんさん)した。林大学頭(はやしだいがくのかみ)の支配下に属し、江戸麹町(こうじまち)六番町に用地を給せられて建設、別に町屋敷を下付されてその上納金を諸経費にあてた。そこで保己一は門人の中山信名(のぶな)、屋代弘賢(やしろひろかた)らとともに、以前から着手していた正続1680巻に及ぶ古文献の集大成『群書類従』の収集校訂を続行、また宇多(うだ)天皇即位より徳川家康就任に至る『史料』、武家の制度に関する『武家名目(みょうもく)抄』などの編集に努めた。1821年（文政4）保己一死後は子忠宝(ただとみ)が継ぎ、62年（文久2）忠宝死後はその子忠韻(ただつぐ)が継いでともに講習、編纂事業を続行し、職制なども徐々に整ったが、幕末争乱期に至って事業は衰退、維新となって68年（明治1）6月に廃止され、その史料、稿本類は明治政府の修史局に引き継がれた。しかし、漢学の学問所のみが各地に存在し、また国学としては本居宣長(もとおりのりなが)が全盛であった時代に、このような学問所が開かれた意義は大きく、とくにその修史事業は後世に多大の貢献をなしている。

［和田三三生］

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