Okashi - Funny

Japanese: をかし - おかし
Okashi - Funny

In classical Japanese literature, this word expresses a kind of aesthetic sense, and also represents an aesthetic ideal. Examples of its usage can be seen from the Heian period onwards, and it is basically a word that mainly expresses bright, comfortable emotions when an object is considered interesting, but it can be thought of as having two extremes: when it expresses something close to elegance, and when it expresses humor. As time went on, the emphasis shifted to humor, but in Heian literature, elegance was more prevalent, and it can be said to be similar to the expression of the contemporary "afare". However, while "afare" is a deep, heartfelt emotion that one feels deeply for an object, "okashi" generally has an aspect of looking at an object from the outside with ease, finding interest in it, and being pleased by the pleasure it induces. The beauty of this "okashi" is particularly prominent in "The Pillow Book," where the number of usages of "okashi" is several times that of "aware," and examples include "When I crossed the river under the crimson moon, the water scattered as the cows walked, like broken crystals, how lovely." In the world of waka poetry, "okashi" is used quite frequently as a commentary in the judgments of poetry contests. An early example is in "Teijiin no utaawase" (913), where two poems, "Even when I do not think of spring today, is the shade of the flowers that I love so much?", were evaluated as "okashi." It gradually became more widely used, and around the time of Fujiwara no Shunzei, the usage was very frequent. "okashi," which expresses humor, became dominant after the Middle Ages. An example of this is the word "okashi" which is used in reference to Kyogen.

[Motoharu Takeda]

"The Tradition of Beauty: Selected Works of Yoshie Okazaki (Revised Edition)" (1969, Hobunkan Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日本の古典文芸において一種の美意識を表す語で、美的理念を示すことばにもなっている。その用例は平安時代以後にみられ、基本的には対象を興ありと思う明るい快適な感情を主とすることばであろうが、美として優美に近いものを表す場合と滑稽(こっけい)を表す場合とが両極として考えられる。時代が下るにつれて滑稽に重点が移ってくるが、平安時代の文芸では優美に近いほうが優位を占め、そこでは同時代の「あはれ」の表すところに近似しているともいえる。しかし「あはれ」が対象に思い入った深いしみじみとした感動であるのに比べて、「をかし」は概して対象を外部から余裕をもってみて、そこに興趣を覚え快感を誘われて喜ぶような面がある。『枕草子(まくらのそうし)』はこういう「をかし」の美がとくに際だっている作品で、用例数のうえでも「をかし」は「あはれ」の数倍に達し、「月のいとあかきに、川を渡れば、牛のあゆむままに、水晶などのわれたるやうに、水の散りたるこそをかしけれ」のような用例がみられる。和歌関係では歌合(うたあわせ)の判詞に「をかし」が評語として相当多く使われている。『亭子院歌合(ていじいんのうたあわせ)』(913)に「今日のみと春を思はぬ時だにも立つことやすき花の陰かは」などの2首を「をかし」と評したのが早い例で、その後しだいに広く使用され、藤原俊成(しゅんぜい)あたりになるとその用例が非常に多くみられる。滑稽を表す「をかし」は中世以後に優勢になる。狂言に関していわれる「をかし」などはそれである。

[武田元治]

『『美の伝統 新修版岡崎義恵著作選』(1969・宝文館出版)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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