Born: February 10, 1775, London
[Died] December 27, 1834. Edmonton, Middlesex. British essayist. He worked for the East India Company (1792-1825) while also writing. Tales from Shakespeare (1807) and The Adventures of Ulysses (08) are works that make classics accessible to younger readers, the former co-written with his sister Mary. His masterpiece Essays of Elia (23) is a collection of essays he contributed to the London Magazine between 1820 and 1823, and the Last Essays was published in 1833. These works, which deal with autobiographical and other mundane matters from his own life, and are filled with heartfelt humor and emotion, are the pinnacle of the English essay tradition. He also made a distinguished mark as a critic of Elizabethan drama. Ram
Lamb, Willis Eugene, Jr. Born: July 12, 1913, Los Angeles, California
[Died] May 15, 2008. Tucson, Arizona. American physicist. Graduated from the University of California. During World War II, he continued his research at the Radiation Laboratory at Columbia University. He was a professor at Columbia University (1948), Stanford University (51), Oxford University (56), Yale University (62), and the University of Arizona (74). In 1947, together with his student R. Retherford, he discovered the Lamb shift in the levels of the hydrogen atom, which became a good test material for renormalization theory. He continued to study and theoretically analyze excited states of atoms through the analysis of the fine structure of spectral lines using microwave technology. In 1955, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with P. Kusch. Ram
rum A distilled alcoholic drink made by fermenting molasses or cane juice (→ sugarcane). It originated in the West Indies, and the oldest record of its production dates back to Barbados around 1650. It was originally called rumbullion. Kingston, Jamaica, and Demerara, Guyana, are famous production areas. Its alcohol content is 40-80%, and because it is made from sugar, there is no saccharification process, so it retains the flavor of the raw materials better than other distilled alcoholic drinks. Heavy types with a heavy flavor developed mainly in Jamaica, a former British colony, and from the end of the 19th century, light types with a light flavor began to be produced in Puerto Rico, a former Spanish colony. It has a unique aroma and is used to flavor cocktails and sweets, and to flavor tobacco. Bay rum, a hair oil, is made by dissolving bay oil in rum. (→ Alcohol) Ram
Ram, Jagjivan Born: April 5, 1908, Arakawa, Bihar
[Died] July 6, 1986. Delhi, New Delhi. Indian politician. Born of untouchable background. Studied at both Banaras and Calcutta universities, and participated in the anti-British non-cooperation movement while still a student. Served as president of the All India Oppressed Classes League from 1936 to 1946. Became Minister of Labour in the provisional cabinet before independence in 1946, and served in the Indian National Congress Party for over 30 years, successively serving as Minister of Labour, Minister of Communications, Minister of Agriculture, and Minister of Defence. In the great split of the Indian National Congress Party in 1969, he supported I. Gandhi, and served as president of the Left National Congress Party from 1969 to 1971. In the general election of 1977, he left the Left National Congress Party and formed the Democratic National Congress Party, which was one of the reasons for Gandhi's defeat. In March of the same year, he became Minister of Defence in the S. Desai Cabinet. From January to July 1979, he was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence. Ram
RAM; random access memory Random access memory. A storage device (memory) that can read and rewrite stored data at any time. At any time means within a very short access time. Memory that is read-only is called ROM, as opposed to RAM, which can be read and written. It is divided into DRAM (dynamic RAM) and SRAM (static RAM) depending on how it stores information. The former is used as a computer's main memory (primary storage device), and the latter as cache memory. Recently, it has been realized with semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs), so it is also called IC memory, but in the past it was realized with magnetic devices. Generally, stored information cannot be retained once the power is turned off. Ram
Lamb, Mary Ann Born: December 3, 1764, London
[Died] May 20, 1847. Edmonton, Middlesex. British writer. Sister of C. Lamb. In 1796, she killed her mother in a fit of insanity. After that, she lived under the careful protection of her younger brother, who also suffered from insanity, and encouraged him with warm sympathy. She co-authored with her brother, Tales from Shakespeare (1807), which was a long-loved book that rewrote Shakespeare's stories for children. She shared the comedy parts of 14 of the 20 stories. Ram
Lamu A port town located on Lamu Island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of the mainland in southeastern Kenya. Formerly a Persian colony under the rule of the Kingdom of Zanzibar, it prospered until the end of the 19th century as a stopover point for Arab trade in gold, ivory, and slaves. Dhows (sailing ships) from the Persian Gulf countries still visit the town today. Arab and Persian historical sites remain. The town declined with the abolition of the slave trade, and now has some industry. It is the oldest Swahili settlement in East Africa and is well preserved. It was registered as a World Heritage Site in 2001. Population: about 8,000. Ram
Lam, Wifredo Born: December 8, 1902, Saguara Grande
[Died] September 11, 1982. Cuban painter and sculptor. He moved to Paris in 1937 and participated in the Surrealist movement. He moved to the United States in 1940, but later settled in Paris. Many of his works have a sensibility similar to abstract art, and are based on themes of magical images and tropical landscapes. His major works include "Jungle" (MoMA, New York). Ram
RAM (1) A part that applies pressure or impact along a guide. A plunger-like cylinder that reciprocates inside a cylinder in a hydraulic machine or hydraulic reservoir. (2) A part in a shaping machine or vertical milling machine that reciprocates horizontally or up and down along the guide surface of the frame, to which a tool rest is attached and that performs a quick return motion. (3) A drop hammer in a pile driver. Ram
lamb Lamb or its meat. Mutton is usually used as the meat of a lamb, and is soft and used for cooking, but has a certain odor. The meat of a lamb under 12 months old is called lamb and is preferred as a high-quality product. Ram Please see the "Correction" page. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
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