Summon

Japanese: 召喚 - しょうかん
Summon

It is a compulsory measure in which the court, the presiding judge, or the commissioned judge orders the defendant, witness, expert witness, interpreter, translator, or a person other than the defendant who is to undergo a physical examination to appear at the court or other specific place at a certain date and time (Criminal Procedure Law, Articles 57, 69, 273, Paragraph 2, 152, 153, 171, 178, 132, and Criminal Procedure Rules, Article 102). In principle, a summons must be issued and served (Criminal Procedure Law, Articles 62 and 65). If the defendant does not respond to the summons without a valid reason, or is likely to not respond, the court may subpoena the defendant (Criminal Procedure Law, Article 58, Paragraph 2). In addition, if the defendant does not appear after receiving a summons without a valid reason, this is grounds for revoking the suspension of execution of bail or detention (Criminal Procedure Law, Article 96, Paragraph 1, Paragraph 1, Item 1). A witness who does not respond to a summons or a person other than the defendant who has been summoned for a physical examination may be summoned or subpoenaed (Articles 152 and 135 of the same law), because there is no substitute for them.

On the other hand, expert witnesses, interpreters, and translators who do not respond to a summons cannot be subpoenaed (Articles 171 and 178 of the same law), because they are substitutable. If a summoned witness or a person other than the defendant who is to undergo a physical examination fails to appear without a valid reason, they may be subject to fines, compensation for expenses, and criminal penalties (Articles 150, 151, 133, and 134 of the same law). In appeals, it is not necessary to summon the defendant to the trial date (Article 409 of the same law). A summons in cases where the defendant is exempt from the obligation to appear has the nature of a notice.

[Ichiro Uchida]

[Reference items] | Compulsory disposition | Deduction

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

裁判所、裁判長または受命裁判官が、被告人、証人、鑑定人、通訳人、翻訳人、または身体検査を受ける被告人以外の者に対し、一定の日時に裁判所その他の一定の場所に出頭を命ずる強制処分をいう(刑事訴訟法57条、69条、273条2項、152条、153条、171条、178条、132条、刑事訴訟規則102条)。原則として召喚状を発してこれを送達しなければならない(同法62条、65条)。被告人が、正当な理由がなく、召喚に応じないとき、または応じないおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、被告人を勾引(こういん)することができる(同法58条2号)。また被告人が、召喚を受け正当な理由がなく出頭しないことは、保釈、勾留(こうりゅう)の執行停止の取消事由となる(同法96条1項1号)。召喚に応じない証人または身体検査のため召喚を受けた被告人以外の者は、さらにこれを召喚し、またはこれを勾引することができる(同法152条、135条)。代替性がないからである。

 これに対して、召喚に応じない鑑定人、通訳人、翻訳人を勾引することはできない(同法171条、178条)が、これには代替性があるからである。召喚を受けた証人または身体検査を受ける被告人以外の者が正当な理由がなく出頭しないときは、過料、費用賠償、刑罰の制裁を受けることがある(同法150条、151条、133条、134条)。上告審では、公判期日に被告人を召喚することを要しない(同法409条)。なお、被告人の出頭の義務が免除されている場合の召喚は、通知の性質を有する。

[内田一郎]

[参照項目] | 強制処分 | 勾引

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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