A theory of wages that originated with T.R. Malthus and was formulated by J.S. Mill. The theory states that the capital portion (fund) paid as wages increases with the accumulation of wealth and the improvement of productivity, but remains constant in a given social state, and wages are equal to the amount divided by the total working population. The weakness of this theory is that the fund is fixed in advance, and there is no explanation given as to how the amount of the fund is derived and determined. However, based on this theory, arguments were given to encourage birth control, because wages will not increase unless the working population decreases in a given social state, and arguments were also given that labor unions are useless, because wage struggles are meaningless for the workers as a whole. Later, Mill abandoned this theory, saying that there was no basis for the constant fund, but on the other hand, E. Boehm-Bawerk and others proposed it again in a new form. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
T.R.マルサスに端を発し,J.S.ミルによって定式化された賃金理論。賃金として支払われる資本部分 (基金) は,富の蓄積と生産力の向上によって増大するものの,一定の社会状態においては一定額であり,賃金とはそれを全労働者人口で割った額に等しいという説。この説の弱点は基金をあらかじめ固定化していること,また基金の額を何から導き出し決定するのかということに,なんの解明も与えられていないことである。しかしこの説に依拠して,一定の社会状態においては労働者人口が減らないかぎり賃金は高まらないということから産児制限奨励論が生れたり,また賃金闘争を闘っても労働者総体としてみれば無意味であるということを根拠として労働組合無用論なども生れた。のちになって基金が一定であるとしたのは根拠がなかったとしてミルはこの説を放棄したが,他方では E.ベーム=バウェルクらが新たな形態で再び提唱した。
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