It is the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in the south of France. It is the central city of the French Catalonia region, located on the right bank of the Tête River, close to the Spanish border. It is 11 km from the Mediterranean coast. It has a population of 105,115 (1999). It was founded as a fortified city around the 10th century and was the capital of the Roussillon region. In the 12th century, it became part of Aragon, Spain, and from 1276 to 1344 it was the capital of the Kingdom of Mallorca. A university was founded in the 14th century, which continued to exist until the French Revolution (1789-99), and this led to its development. Roussillon returned to France in the 17th century. It is a trading center for wine, vegetables, fruits, olives, and other products produced in the fertile surrounding plains. Industries include metalworking, food products, and hosiery processing. It is rich in historical buildings of great value in the history of art, and the 14th-century Fort de Castillet is now the Museum of Catalonia. Other attractions include the 14th and 15th century Loge, which houses the Maritime Court, the Cathedral of Saint Jean, a contemporary building housing a wooden statue of Christ the Crucifix, the 13th and 14th century Royal Palace of Mallorca, and the surrounding fortress built by military engineer Vauban, making the city a popular tourist destination. [Nobuyoshi Aoki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス南部、ピレネーゾリアンタル県の県都。スペイン国境に近く、テート川右岸に位置するフランス・カタルーニャ地方の中心都市。地中海岸からは11キロメートル離れる。人口10万5115(1999)。10世紀ごろ要塞(ようさい)都市として建設、ルシヨン地方の首都となった。12世紀にスペインのアラゴン領となり、1276~1344年はマリョルカ(マジョルカ)王国の首都。大革命(1789~99)まで存続した大学が14世紀に創建され、これにより発展した。ルシヨンは17世紀にフランス領に戻った。周辺の肥沃(ひよく)な平野で生産されるワイン、野菜、果実、オリーブなどの取引中心地。工業には金属、食料品、メリヤス加工などがある。美術史上貴重な歴史的建造物に富み、14世紀のカスティエ要塞はカタルーニャ博物館となっている。ほかに、海事裁判所がある14、15世紀の建物ロッジュ、同時代の建築で木彫のキリスト磔刑(たっけい)像を収めるサン・ジャン大聖堂、13、14世紀のマリョルカ王宮、それを囲む軍事技術家ボーバン築造の要塞などがあり、これらを巡る観光地ともなっている。 [青木伸好] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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