Radek, Karl Bernardovich

Japanese: ラデック（英語表記）Radek， Karl Bernardovich

Born: 1883/1885 in Lemberg, Galicia
[Died]1939?
Soviet communist theorist and advocate of radical world revolution. His real name was Karl Sobelsohn. He was Jewish. He was pursued by Russian authorities for his communist activities and fled to Switzerland in 1903. He then participated in the revolutionary movement in Poland, then traveled to Germany via Austria, where he organized the left wing of the German Social Democratic Party. During World War I, he worked with VI Lenin in Switzerland, and in October 1917 returned to Petrograd (→St. Petersburg) and participated in peace negotiations with Germany. He became director of the Central European department of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, and participated in the founding congress of the German Communist Party in 1919. He was a member of the Party's Central Committee from 1919 to 1924, Secretary of Comintern from 1920 to 1925, and a member of the Executive Committee. During the debate at the 14th Party Congress in 1924, he was dismissed from his position as a member of the Party's Central Committee for belonging to the Trotskyite faction, and was expelled from the Party in 1927. He rejoined the party in 1930 and became head of the foreign news department of the newspaper Izvestia, but in August 1936 he was arrested in October for his involvement in the so-called Joint Headquarters Incident involving GE Zinoviev and LB Kamenev. He was also sentenced to 10 years in prison for participating in the organization and execution of the Parallel Headquarters Incident in January 1937. He is said to have been purged around 1939, but the details are unknown. His major works include Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskoi Rossii (1923), The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia; Pyat' let Kominterna (Five Years of the Comintern) (2 volumes, 1924); and Germanskaya revolyutsiya (2 volumes, 1925).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1883/1885. ガリシア，レンベルク
[没]1939?
ソ連の共産主義理論家。急進世界革命主唱者。本名 Karl Sobelsohn。ユダヤ人。共産主義運動のためロシア官憲に追われ，1903年スイスに亡命。次いでポーランドで革命運動に参加したのちオーストリアを経てドイツに入り，ドイツ社会民主党左派を組織した。第1次世界大戦中スイスで V. I.レーニンとともに活動，1917年 10月ペトログラード (→サンクトペテルブルグ ) に帰り対独講和交渉に参加。外務人民委員部の中欧局長となり，1919年ドイツ共産党創立大会に参加。 1919～24年党中央委員，1920～25年コミンテルン書記，執行委員会幹部会員。 1924年第 14回党大会の論争の際，トロツキー派に属して党中央委員を解任され，1927年党から除名。 1930年復党，『イズベスチヤ』紙外報部長となったが，1936年8月 G. E.ジノビエフ，L. B.カーメネフらのいわゆる合同本部事件に連座したとして，10月逮捕。 1937年1月の併行本部事件においても犯罪の組織と遂行に参与したものとして禁錮 10年に処された。 1939年頃粛清されたといわれるが，詳細は不明。主著『ソビエト・ロシアの外交政策』 Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskoi Rossii (1923) ，『コミンテルンの5年間』 Pyat' let Kominterna (2巻，1924) ，『ドイツ革命』 Germanskaya revolyutsiya (2巻，1925) 。

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