Authentication

In legal terms, it means that a public institution certifies that an act or document has been created or written in accordance with due process.

(1) Certification of the Emperor It is one of the Emperor's acts of state, and is necessary for the appointment and dismissal of ministers of state and other certification officials, letters of credentials for envoys, amnesty, special pardon, commutation of sentences, remission and restoration of rights, instruments of ratification, etc. (Article 7 of the Constitution). Since it is a formal and ceremonial act, its absence does not affect the validity of the act.

(2) Authentication of general documents: Court clerks, mayors, and notaries public are responsible for litigation documents, family register documents, and private deeds, respectively. Authentication of original documents is notarized to certify that the document was prepared by the person in question, and authentication of copies and extracts is notarized to certify that the contents are the same as the originals.

(3) Certification of expenditure commitments: A concept under the Accounting Act, in which an expenditure commitment certifier verifies the appropriateness of an expenditure commitment.

(4) Furthermore, certification by the authority in charge of the rules of religious corporations is a similar usage to academic approval, and certification by the Director of a Regional Transport Bureau for automobile disassembly and maintenance business is a similar usage to permission.

[Yasuhito Abe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

法律用語としては、行為または文書の成立・記載が正当な手続でなされたことを公の機関が証明することを意味する。

(1)天皇の認証　天皇の国事行為の一つであり、国務大臣などの認証官の任免、全権委任状、大公使の信任状、大赦・特赦・減刑・刑の執行の免除および復権、批准書などに必要である（憲法7条）。形式的・儀礼的行為で、これを欠いても行為の効力に影響はない。

(2)一般の文書の認証　訴訟書類・戸籍書類・私署証書についてそれぞれ裁判所書記官・市町村長・公証人がなす。原本の認証は、その文書が名義人により作成されたものであることを公証し、謄本・抄本の認証は、その内容が原本と相違ないことを公証する。

(3)支出負担行為の認証　会計法上の観念で、支出負担行為認証官が支出負担行為の適正を確認する行為。

(4)さらに、学問上の認可に近い用法として宗教法人の規則の所管庁による認証。許可に近い用法として自動車分解整備事業の地方運輸局長による認証がある。

［阿部泰隆］

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