Alloys of lightweight metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and beryllium. Titanium (specific gravity 4.51) alloys may also be included, but are not included here (→ titanium alloys). Beryllium alloys have not yet been put to practical use due to the toxicity of their oxides, so the main alloys are the first two. Aluminum alloys were developed quickly, with the Al-Cu alloy developed by A. Wilm of Germany in 1903, which was improved in 1910 to become the original Al-Cu-Mg alloy of duralumin, and its unique age-hardening properties surprised people. Magnesium alloys were also developed as casting materials by G. Elektron of Germany, but due to their poor corrosion resistance, they were not developed until after World War II. However, they are more lightweight than aluminum alloys. Research and development of Al-Li (lithium) and Mg-Li alloys is expected to further reduce weight. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アルミニウム,マグネシウム,ベリリウムなどの軽量金属の合金。チタン (比重 4.51) の合金を含める場合もあるが,ここでは含めない (→チタン合金 ) 。またベリリウム合金は酸化物の毒性のために実用にいたっていないので,主要なものは前二者の合金である。アルミニウム合金の開発は早く,1903年ドイツの A.ウィルムによる Al-Cu合金で,10年には改良されてジュラルミンの原形 Al-Cu-Mg合金となり,その特殊な時効硬化性が人々を驚かせた。マグネシウム合金も,ドイツの G.エレクトロンにより鋳造材として開発されたが,耐食性が悪いため,発展したのは第2次世界大戦後であった。しかし,軽量という点ではアルミニウム合金より有利である。軽量化をさらに実現するために Al-Li (リチウム) ,Mg-Li系合金の研究と発展が期待されている。
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