Deconcentration Review Board

...The Holding Company Reorganization Committee, which was the implementing body, designated a total of 325 companies, 257 from mining and manufacturing and 68 from commerce and services, as subject to excessive concentration of economic power in February of the following year, 1948, which covered almost all large companies except financial institutions, and their total paid-in capital of 20,045,000,000 yen accounted for 66% of the total for all corporations nationwide at the end of 1947. However, in March 1948, the US government instructed MacArthur to change policy, and from April onwards, GHQ began to remove the designation under the Concentration and Deconcentration Law, which was actively promoted by the Deconcentration Review Board (headed by Roy S. Campbell, commonly known as the Committee of Five), which visited Japan in May. Based on the four principles of concentration stipulated in the committee's recommendation of August 28, only 18 companies were ultimately designated: Daiken Industries, Dai Nippon Breweries, Hitachi, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Nippon Kayaku, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metals, Oji Paper, Seika Mining, Teikoku Oil, Toyo Seikan, Tokyo Shibaura Electric, Mitsubishi Mining, Mitsui Mining, Teikoku Sen-i, Hokkaido Dairy Cooperative, Shochiku, Toho, and Nippon Express.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Deconcentration Review Board" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…実施機関とされた持株会社整理委員会は翌48年2月，鉱工業から257社，商業･サービス業から68社，合計325社を過度経済力集中の該当企業として指定したが，これは金融機関を除く大企業のほとんどを網羅したものであり，その払込資本金合計200億4500万円は，1947年末全国株式会社合計のそれの66％を占めていた。しかし48年3月，アメリカ政府はマッカーサーに政策転換を指示し，GHQは4月以降集排法による指定の解除に着手，それは5月に来日した集中排除審査委員会Deconcentration Review Board(団長ロイ･S.キャンベル，通称五人委員会)によって積極的に推進された。8月28日付同委員会の勧告に示された集中排除四原則により，最終的に指定されたのは，大建産業，大日本麦酒，日立製作所，三菱重工業，日本化薬，日本製鉄，王子製紙，井華鉱業，帝国石油，東洋製缶，東京芝浦電気，三菱鉱業，三井鉱山，帝国繊維，北海道酪農協同，松竹，東宝，日本通運の18社にとどまった。…

※「Deconcentration Review Board」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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