Yang-lian-yin; yang-lien-yin

Japanese: 養廉銀 - ようれんぎん（英語表記）yang-lian-yin; yang-lien-yin

A type of salary paid to local officials during the Yongzheng period (1723-35) of the Qing Dynasty in China. Yang liang means to cultivate an upright mind, and the yang liang silver was the silver paid to keep officials upright. In order to prevent local officials from becoming corrupt and from exacting punishment from the people, in the second year of the Yongzheng era (24), the surtax that had been collected voluntarily by local officials under the pretext of fire and other expenses was officially collected (Zo Xian Guigong), and from the sixth year of the same year, the government began to pay the liabilities with the income from that tax. The amount of the liabilities varied depending on the official position and place of assignment. Yang liang silver was paid to local officials in addition to their salary, and was nominally yang liang, but it was merely a legalization of the surtax that had been collected voluntarily until then, and did not change the evils of local officials exacting punishment and exploiting people.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，清の雍正年間 (1723～35) に新設された地方官に支給する俸禄の一種。養廉とは廉潔心を養うことを意味し，官僚の廉潔を維持するために支給した銀両が養廉銀である。地方官の腐敗堕落や民に対する誅求を防止するため，雍正2 (24) 年に従来地方官が任意に徴収していた火耗などの名目による付加税を公的な徴収に改め (耗羨帰公) ，その収入をもって同6年から支給するようになった。その額は官職や任地などによって相違があった。養廉銀は地方官の俸禄以外に支給されたもので，名目上は養廉であったが，それまで任意に徴収していた付加税を合法化したものにすぎず，地方官による誅求や搾取の弊害は改まらなかった。

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