Abbreviation for hemolytic streptococcus. A gram-positive coccus of the Streptococcaceae family. It usually forms a chain because it divides in a consistent direction. However, depending on the strain, it can take various forms, such as biglobular, short chain, or long chain. Its diameter is 0.5 to 2.0 micrometers (1 micrometer is one millionth of a meter), and it does not form spores or flagella. It does not grow well on normal agar (a culture medium for general bacteria), but it grows well when blood, serum, ascites, glucose, etc. are added. The colonies on human blood agar are small, round, grayish white, and slightly opaque, but on sheep blood agar they show large β (beta) hemolytic rings. Streptococcus are classified into 13 groups based on their serological properties: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, L, M, N, and O. According to the Lancefield classification (a precipitation reaction between polysaccharides in an aqueous extract of the bacteria and antisera), most of the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans are classified as group A, but groups C, G, and F are also included. Generally, streptococci cause suppurative diseases, but the infection spreads easily and bacteremia can occur. Erysipelas is a partial symptom of bacteremia or septicemia, and scarlet fever occurs with angina (inflammation of the mouth and pharynx). In addition, because streptococci share a common antigen with myocardium, if the infection persists, antibodies against it are produced, which can lead to rheumatic fever and nephritis. [Masami Soneda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
溶血性連鎖球菌の略。連鎖球菌科Streptococcaceaeの細菌で、グラム陽性の球菌。分裂方向が一定しているため連鎖状となることが多い。しかし、菌株によって双球形、短連鎖状、長連鎖状とさまざまな形態となる。直径は0.5~2.0マイクロメートル(1マイクロメートルは100万分の1メートル)、胞子や鞭毛(べんもう)は形成しない。普通寒天(一般細菌用培養基)には生育が悪いが、血液、血清、腹水、ブドウ糖などを加えると生育がよくなる。ヒトの血液寒天上での集落(コロニー)は小さく、正円形、灰白色で、やや不透明となるが、ヒツジの血液寒天上では大きいβ(ベータ)溶血環を示す。溶連菌は、その血清学的性状によりA、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K、L、M、N、Oの13群に分類される。ヒトに対して病原性をもつものは、「ランスフィールドLancefieldの分類」(菌体水性抽出液中の多糖体と抗血清による沈降反応)によると、A群に類別されるものが多く、このほかC、GおよびF群が含まれる。一般に溶連菌は化膿(かのう)性疾患をおこすが、感染が広がりやすく、菌血症がおこりやすい。丹毒は菌血症または敗血症の部分症状であり、しょうこう熱はアンギーナ(口腔(こうくう)、咽頭(いんとう)の炎症)を伴っておこる。また、溶連菌は心筋と共通抗原をもつため、感染が長引くと、それに対する抗体が生じ、リウマチ熱や腎(じん)炎を伴うことがある。 [曽根田正己] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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