King of Numidia in North Africa (reigned 118-104 BC). Jugurtha, nephew of the Numidian king Micipsa, was in line to inherit the throne alongside the king's sons, but after the king's death (118 BC), he sought to reverse the old policy of subordination to Rome, uniting dissidents and coming into conflict with the king's sons. After a civil war, he became sole ruler. During this time, Jugurtha tried to maneuver in Roman politics through his acquaintances in the senate in order to prevent Roman intervention. This ended up inviting anti-senate and anti-Jugurtha movements by the Roman populists, and in 111 BC, he finally entered into an all-out war with Rome (the Jugurthine War). In the early stages of the war, Jugurtha often put the Roman army in a difficult position, and managed to reach a ceasefire, but as the Roman side's war strategy solidified, the situation became unfavorable. In particular, when Marius became commander of the Roman army in 107 BC, Jugurtha lost his base in Numidia, and in 105 BC, he was betrayed by his ally, King Bocchus of Mauretania, and handed over to the Romans, where he was executed. [Nobuko Kurita] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北アフリカのヌミディア王(在位前118~前104)。ヌミディアの王ミキプサの甥(おい)であったユグルタは、王の実子らと並ぶ王位継承予定者となっていたが、王の死(前118)後、旧来の対ローマ従属政策からの転換を目ざし、反体制派を糾合して王の実子らと対立。内戦のすえ、単独支配者となった。この間ユグルタは、ローマの介入を防ぐべく元老院内の知己を通じてローマ政界工作を進めた。これがかえってローマ民衆派の反元老院・反ユグルタ運動を招く結果となり、紀元前111年、ついにローマとの全面戦争に突入(ユグルタ戦争)した。緒戦においてはしばしばローマ軍を窮地に陥れ、いったんは停戦に持ち込んだものの、ローマ側の戦争遂行体制が固まるにつれて戦局は不利となった。とりわけ前107年マリウスがローマ軍司令官となるに及んで、ユグルタはヌミディア国内の拠点を失った。前105年、同盟者であるマウレタニア国王ボックスBocchusの裏切りによりローマ軍に引き渡され、処刑された。 [栗田伸子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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