Austrian composer. Born into a wealthy merchant family in Vienna, he developed an early interest in music and literature. He first taught himself composition, but from 1904 he studied under Schoenberg, and had connections with Webern and E. Welless (1885-1974), who were his students. After producing works with a strong late romantic influence, such as the Piano Sonata (1907-1908), he moved to atonal music in the 1910s, writing works such as the String Quartet (1910), the Altenberg Songs (1912), and Three Orchestral Pieces (1914-1915). The opera Wozzeck (1914-1922, premiered in 1925), based on a play by Büchner, was the culmination of his work, and its premiere by the famous conductor Erich Kleiber (see C. Kleiber) instantly elevated the composer's reputation. In his subsequent Chamber Concerto for piano, violin and thirteen wind instruments (1923-1925), he introduced twelve-tone technique (twelve-tone music), and composed Lyric Suite for string quartet (1925-1926) and the unfinished opera Lulu, based on a play by Wedekind. The Violin Concerto (1935) is a requiem written in memory of Manon, the daughter of Mahler's widow Alma (1879-1964) and her second husband, the architect Gropius, who died at the age of 40. Berg was a prolific composer, but all of his works are known as masterpieces in various genres of 20th century music, and his music, which maintained a romantic lyricism throughout his life, continues to have a multifaceted influence to this day. In addition, "Wozzeck" and "Lulu" (the completed version completed by composer F. Czerha [1926-] premiered in 1979) are said to be typical of expressionism in music, along with Schoenberg's works. → Scherchen / Dallapiccola / Zimmermann → Related topics Adorno | Abbado | Krschenek | Schmidt | Norman | Hartmann | Vibraphone | Blaue Reiter | Boehm Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
オーストリアの作曲家。ウィーンの裕福な商人の家に生まれ,音楽と文学に早くから関心を深める。初め作曲を独学したが1904年からシェーンベルクに師事し,その門下のウェーベルン,E.ウェレス〔1885-1974〕らと交流。《ピアノ・ソナタ》(1907年−1908年)など後期ロマン派色の濃い作品を経て1910年代から無調(無調音楽)に移行し,《弦楽四重奏曲》(1910年),《アルテンベルク歌曲集》(1912年),《3つの管弦楽曲》(1914年−1915年)などが書かれた。ビュヒナーの戯曲によるオペラ《ウォツェック》(1914年−1922年,1925年初演)はその集大成となり,名指揮者エーリヒ・クライバー(C.クライバー参照)による初演は作曲者の名を一挙に高めた。続くピアノ,バイオリンと13管楽器のための《室内協奏曲》(1923年−1925年)で12音技法(十二音音楽)を導入し,弦楽四重奏のための《抒情組曲》(1925年−1926年),ウェーデキントの戯曲による未完のオペラ《ルル》などを作曲。《バイオリン協奏曲》(1935年)は,マーラー未亡人アルマ〔1879-1964〕とその再婚相手,建築家グロピウスとの間の娘マノンの夭逝(ようせい)を悼んで書かれた鎮魂歌で,完成の数ヵ月後,ベルクもまた40歳で他界した。寡作ながら作品はいずれも20世紀音楽の各ジャンル屈指の傑作として知られ,終生ロマン的な抒情性を保ち続けたその音楽は今日に至るまで多面的な影響を広げている。また《ウォツェック》と《ルル》(作曲家F.ツェルハ〔1926-〕による補筆完成版は1979年初演)はシェーンベルクの作品とともに,音楽における表現主義の典型ともいわれる。→シェルヘン/ダラピッコラ/ツィンマーマン →関連項目アドルノ|アバド|クルシェネク|シュミット|ノーマン|ハルトマン|ビブラフォン|ブラウエ・ライター|ベーム 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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