Euclidean algorithm - Euclidean algorithm

Japanese: ユークリッドの互除法 - ゆーくりっどのごじょほう
Euclidean algorithm - Euclidean algorithm

A method for finding the greatest common divisor. Let a1 and a2 be natural numbers or polynomials. If they are natural numbers, a1a2 . If they are polynomials, the degree of a1 is greater than or equal to the degree of a2 .

a 1 =a 2 q 1 +a 3 (a 3 is the remainder)
a 2 =a 3 q 2 +a 4 (a 4 is the remainder)
…………
a n-1 = a n q n-1 + a n+1
(a n+1 is the remainder)
a n = a n + 1 q n
Then, a n+1 is the greatest common divisor of a 1 and a 2. When a n+1 =1, a 1 and a 2 are mutually prime. The greatest common divisor of 3553 and 2584 is 323, which can be found as follows.

3553=2584×1+969
2584=969×2+646
969=646×1+323
646=323×2
[Terada Fumiyuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

最大公約数を求める方法。a1、a2を自然数あるいは整式とする。自然数のときは、a1≧a2で、整式のときは、a1の次数のほうがa2の次数以上であるとする。

  a1=a2q1+a3 (a3は剰余)
  a2=a3q2+a4 (a4は剰余)
    …………
  an-1=anqn-1+an+1
         (an+1は剰余)
  an=an+1qn
となるとき、an+1がa1とa2の最大公約数である。an+1=1のときは、a1とa2は互いに素である。3553と2584の最大公約数は323であるが、これは次のようにして求める。

  3553=2584×1+969
  2584=969×2+646
  969=646×1+323
  646=323×2
[寺田文行]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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