Monet, Jean

Japanese: モネ（英語表記）Monnet， Jean

Born: November 9, 1888, Cognac, Charente, France
[Died] March 16, 1979. Born in Montfort-l'Amorie, west of Paris, France. French business leader and politician. Born the son of a cognac merchant, he represented France on the Allied Shipping Commission during World War I. From 1919 to 1923, he was Deputy Secretary-General of the League of Nations and implemented the Austrian economic recovery plan. At the start of World War II, he became chairman of the Economic Affairs Coordination Committee between Britain and France. After France's surrender, he joined the Free French Movement, and was sent by the British government to Washington, DC to purchase wartime supplies, and participated in the creation of President F. Roosevelt's "Plan for Victory." In 1943, he joined the French Committee for National Liberation (CFLN) in Algiers. After the war, he proposed the Monnet Plan as head of France's Modernization Commission and worked to restore the French economy. He played a decisive role in creating the Schuman Plan in 1950, and contributed to the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), serving as its first chairman from 1952 to 1955. In 1955, he founded the Action Committee for the United States of Europe, and served as its chairman from 1956 to 1975. He also contributed to the establishment of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) in 1958, and together with R. Schuman, he was known as the "father of European integration." In 1976, he was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of Europe" by the European Community EC Summit.

Monet
Monet, Claude

Born: November 14, 1840 in Paris
[Died] December 5, 1926. Giverny French painter. His father was a grocer. At the age of five, he moved with his parents to Saint-Adres near Luaz. As a child, he was taught landscape painting by local painter E. Boudin. From 1859 to 1860, he studied with Pissarro at the Académie Suisse in Paris. After completing his military service in Algeria from 1860 to 1862, he returned to Paris and lived in the Forest of Fontainebleau with Renoir and Sisley. During the Franco-Prussian War, he fled to London, and from 1871 to 1872 he lived in the Netherlands. He exhibited nine works, including Impression, Sunrise, at an exhibition held in Paris in 1874, and became a central figure in the formation of the Impressionist movement. He continued to work on depicting the effects of natural light for the rest of his life. From 1883, he retired to Giverny. In 1922, he underwent cataract surgery. His major works are "Haystacks" (around 1891), "Poplars" (90-91), "Rouen Cathedral" (94), the "Water Lilies" series (1999 and after), and "The Banks of the Thames" (1999-1904). Many of his works are housed in the Musee D'orsay, Musee Marmottan, and Musee de l'Orangerie in Paris, and in Japan in the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo. (→ Impressionism)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1888.11.9. フランス，シャラント，コニャック
[没]1979.3.16. フランス，パリ西郊モンフォールラモリ
フランスの財界人，政治家。コニャック酒取引商の子として生れ，第1次世界大戦中，連合国海運委員会のフランス代表。 1919～23年国際連盟の事務局次長としてオーストリア経済復興計画の実施にあたった。第2次世界大戦が始るとイギリス，フランス間の経済問題調整委員会議長に就任。フランスの降伏後は自由フランス運動に参加，戦時物資購入のためイギリス政府からワシントン D.C.に派遣され，F.ルーズベルト大統領の「勝利計画」の作成に参加。 43年アルジェで国民解放フランス委員会 CFLNに参加。戦後はフランスの近代化委員会長官としてモネ・プランを提案，フランス経済の復興に努力。 50年シューマン・プランの作成に決定的な役割を果し，ヨーロッパ石炭鉄鋼共同体 ECSCの設立に寄与し，52～55年初代委員長。 55年ヨーロッパ合衆国行動委員会を結成，56～75年同会委員長。 58年ヨーロッパ原子力共同体 EURATOMの発足にも尽力，R.シューマンとともに「ヨーロッパ統合の父」といわれた。 76年ヨーロッパ共同体 EC首脳会議から，「ヨーロッパ名誉市民」の称号が贈られた。

モネ
Monet， Claude

[生]1840.11.14. パリ
[没]1926.12.5. ジベルニー
フランスの画家。父は食料品商。5歳のとき両親とともにルアーズ近郊サンタドレスに移住。幼少年時，同地の画家 E.ブーダンに風景画の手ほどきを受けた。 1859～60年パリのアカデミー・スイスでピサロとともに学ぶ。 60～62年アルジェリアで兵役を終えたのちパリに戻り，ルノアール，シスレーらとフォンテンブローの森に居を構えた。普仏戦争当時はロンドンに逃れ，71～72年オランダに滞在。 74年パリで開かれた展覧会に『印象・日の出』など9点の作品を出品し，印象派形成の中心となる。その後も終生，自然の光の効果の描出に努めた。 83年以降ジベルニーに隠棲。 1922年白内障の手術を受ける。主要作品『積みわら』 (1891頃) ，『ポプラ』 (90～91) ，『ルーアンの大聖堂』 (94) および『睡蓮』の連作 (99以降) ，『テムズ河畔』 (99～1904) 。作品の多くはパリのオルセー美術館，マルモッタン美術館，オランジュリー美術館，日本では東京の国立西洋美術館などに収蔵されている。 (→印象主義 ) 　

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Monel metal

>>: Monumenta Germaniae historica (English spelling)