...His theory, which claims that the competition between nations for a living space on Earth can be scientifically explained by political geography, economic geography, and the underlying physical geography, claims that the world is governed by four integrated regions: Pan-America, Pan-Asia, Pan-Euro-Africa, and Pan-Russia. Of these, only the Pan-Euro-Africa region controlled by Germany could develop into both a continental and maritime region, and developed the geopolitics that became the ideological basis of Nazi Germany. In contrast, Anglo-American geopolitics is diverse, including British H.J. Mackinder, who also adopted the continental power theory but advocated geopolitics from a position of fear of German domination, American A.T. Mahan, who emphasized America's maritime strategy from the perspective of maritime power theory, and Nicholas J. Spykman (1893-1943), who called the contact zone between continental and maritime powers the rimland and attempted to justify America's pursuit of national interests in terms of power politics in the theory of the balance of power between the rimland, consisting of the Japan-Germany-Italy axis, and the allied powers of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union. After World War II, geopolitics that emphasized the importance of the Arctic, the loss of North America's isolation, and the growing potential of the continent, as well as geopolitics that combined with American nuclear strategy and emphasized only the Caribbean, Japan, Western Europe, and Australia among the rimlands, emerged, but these were generally viewed as partial theories of political geography. *Some of the terminology that mentions "rimland" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…地球上の生存空間を求める国家間の競争が,政治地理,経済地理,さらにその根幹となる自然地理から科学的に説明できるとする彼の学説は,世界が汎アメリカ,汎アジア,汎ユーロアフリカ,汎ロシアの四つの総合地域に統轄されると主張し,その中でドイツの支配する汎ユーロアフリカ地域のみが大陸海洋両様地域として発展しうるという,ナチス・ドイツのイデオロギー的基礎となる地政学を展開した。これに対し英米系の地政学では,同じく大陸パワー論をとりながらもドイツの支配をおそれる立場で地政学を唱えたイギリスのH.J.マッキンダー,海洋パワー論の見地でアメリカの海洋戦略を強調したアメリカのA.T.マハン,大陸パワーと海洋パワーの接触地帯をリムランドrimlandと名づけ,日独伊枢軸から成るこのリムランドと米英ソの連合勢力との勢力均衡論のなかで,アメリカの国益追求を権力政治的に基礎づけようとしたスパイクマンNicholas J.Spykman(1893‐1943)など多様性がある。第2次大戦後,北極の重要性,北アメリカの隔離性の喪失,大陸の潜在力の増大を強調する地政学,アメリカ核戦略と結合してリムランドのうちカリブ海,日本,西欧,オーストラリアのみを重視する地政学などが出現したが,一般的には政治地理学の部分的理論として相対化された。… ※「rimland」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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