Challenging student - Ayanosho

Japanese: 挑文生 - あやのしょう

...The origin of this group was a group of craftsmen who came from China and the Korean peninsula, and before the Ritsuryo period they were called Nishigori, Ayahatori, Kurehatori, etc. According to the Taiho Code, to meet the needs of the imperial court, the Oribe no Tsukasa, which was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, placed Ayatori (Ayanoshi and Ayanoshou) as technical officials, and among the 570 dyeing households under its control, Nishigori, Kurehatori, and Kawauchi Kunihiro silk weavers were controlled. These weavers mainly lived in the Kinai region, were obliged to pass on their skills to the next generation, and were required to pay a tribute of one loom per household of three to seven, one person per year, of one or two pieces of manufactured goods, in return for which they were exempt from miscellaneous taxes, or from taxes and miscellaneous taxes.

From [Oribe Tsukasa]

…A ritsuryo government office under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance in charge of weaving and dyeing high-quality silk fabrics such as brocade, twill, pongee, and ramie for the Imperial Court. The Yoro-ryo staff consisted of one kami, one jo, one sakan, four ayanoshi (saikichojo), eight ayanoshou, six messengers, one chokucho, and a somedo (shinbu). The ayanoshou were not students who received training from the ayanoshi, but technicians employed by the banjo officials. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Chobunsei" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…その源流は中国，朝鮮半島から渡来した技術者集団であり，律令期以前には錦部（にしごり），漢織（あやはとり），呉織（くれはとり）などとよばれた。大宝令制によると，宮廷需要をまかなうために大蔵省所管の織部司（おりべのつかさ）に技術官人として挑文（あやとり）(養老令制では挑文師（あやのし），挑文生（あやのしよう）)が置かれ，配下の品部（しなべ）である染戸（そめへ）570戸のうちに錦綾織，呉服部（くれはとり），川(河)内国広絹織人が掌握されていた。これらの織手は主として畿内に居住し，技術の世襲を義務づけられ，3～7戸で1台の織機を使用して，1人年額1～2疋の製品を貢納する代償に，雑徭（ぞうよう）もしくは調と雑徭を免除される規定であった。…

【織部司】より

…朝廷用の錦･綾･紬･羅など高級絹織物の織成･染色をつかさどる大蔵省管轄の令制官司。養老令の職員は，正（かみ）･佑（じよう）･令史（さかん）各1人，挑文師（あやのし）(才伎長上)4人，挑文生（あやのしよう）8人，使部6人，直丁1人で，染戸(品部)が付属する。挑文生は挑文師より教習を受ける生ではなく番上官の技術者。…

※「挑文生」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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