…What makes a nobleman a nobleman is his noble birth, which is said to be ultimately of royal blood, so his family lineage is important. In contrast, the third estate is made up of “laborators” who produce and supply the various materials necessary for human life. They are distinguished from the clergy and nobility in that they engage in hard and polluted labor, which is the result of original sin, and that although workers are all large and small, they are all lowly vassals subject to domination. This theory first appeared in a written form in England in the 9th century in a commentary on Boethius’s “Consolation of Philosophy” by Alfred, King of Wessex, and on the continent in the early 11th century in Adalberon, Bishop of Laon’s “Ode to King Robert” and in a sermon by Gerard, Bishop of Cambrai (included in the “Life of the Bishop of Cambrai”). *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "laboratores" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…貴族を貴族たらしめるのは,窮極には王の血をひくとされるその高貴な生れであるから,家門が重視される。これらに対して,第三身分は,人間の生活に必要なもろもろの物質を作り出し,供給する〈働く者laboratores〉で,人間の原罪の結果でもある苦しくけがれた労働に従事する点,また一口に働く者といっても大小さまざまだが,すべて支配に服する下賤な隷属民であるという点で聖職者や貴族と区別される。このような理論は,文字で確認しうる形では,まず9世紀のイングランドで,ウェセックス王アルフレッドの手になるボエティウスの《哲学の慰め》への注解の中に初めて現れ,大陸では11世紀の初め,ランの司教アダルベロンの《ロベール王にささげる歌》およびカンブレーの司教ジェラールの説教(《カンブレー司教伝》所収)などに初めて現れる。… ※「laboratores」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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