Melodrama - Melodorama (English spelling)

Japanese: メロドラマ - めろどらま(英語表記)melodrama
Melodrama - Melodorama (English spelling)

A compound word of the Greek words melos (song) and drama (play), melodrama is a genre of theater that has been used in various ways depending on the era and region. It started to gain popularity as a genre in the late 18th century. In Germany, it initially referred to the dialogue (not sung) accompanied by music in opera, and in France, it referred to plays in which the emotions of the characters were expressed through music when they were silent. However, melodrama did not flourish until the German playwright August Kotzebue began to publish a series of plays in Vienna and St. Petersburg. His masterpiece, Misanthropy and Regret (1789), and others were translated and performed in England and America, sparking a melodrama boom in those countries. When the French playwright Gilbert de Pixécourt appeared, his works Kerina, or the Mysterious Child (1800) and others were also adapted in England and America, further fueling the popularity of melodrama.

Melodramas are exaggerated dramas, and in many cases, the hero and heroine are faced with a persecuting enemy or an insurmountable obstacle, and there is a clear division between good and bad characters. The drama as a whole is moralistic, sentimental, and optimistic, and ends with a happy ending. Furthermore, it was the most popular form of entertainment until the birth of film, with its use of music to enhance the dramatic effect and large-scale stage sets to increase the spectacle. In fact, the themes of 19th century melodramas, such as adventure stories, true crime stories, family tragedies, steamship disasters, train accidents, and major earthquakes, were carried over into film along with their theme music. In the silent era, Griffith's feature films were rich in melodrama, and in the talkie era, famous films include Gone with the Wind (1939) and The Disappointment (1940), and Japanese films such as Aizen Katsura (1938-39) and Your Name (1953-54). Melodramas, which once captured the hearts of the masses, are now often used as derogatory terms because of their opportunistic, sensational, vulgar, and sentimental nature.

[Kenji Iwamoto]

[References] | Sadness | Aizen Katsura | Gone with the Wind | Your Name

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア語のメロスmelos(歌)とドラマdrama(劇)の合成語で、演劇の一ジャンルをさすが、時代や地域によって多様に使われてきた。18世紀後半からジャンルとして力をもち始めたが、当初ドイツではオペラのなかで音楽の伴奏がつく台詞(せりふ)(歌わない)の部分を、フランスでは登場人物が沈黙したときにその感情を音楽で表現する演劇をさしていた。しかしメロドラマが隆盛をみるようになったのは、ドイツ出身の劇作家アウグスト・コッツェブーがウィーンやペテルブルグで戯曲を次々に発表し始めてからである。彼の代表作『人間嫌いと後悔』(1789)ほかがイギリスやアメリカでも翻訳・上演され、イギリス、アメリカにおけるメロドラマ・ブームに火がつき、フランスにも劇作家ギルベール・ド・ピクセクールが現れると、彼の『ケリナ、または謎(なぞ)の子』(1800)ほかがやはりイギリス、アメリカで翻案され、メロドラマの流行に油を注いだ。

 メロドラマは誇張されたドラマであり、ヒーローとヒロインの前途に迫害する敵(かたき)役もしくは越えがたい障害が現れるというパターンが多く、善玉と悪玉とははっきり分かれている。またドラマ全体としては道徳的、感傷的、楽観的で、最後はハッピー・エンドになる。さらに、劇的効果を強めるための音楽の使用、スペクタクル性を高めるための大仕掛けの舞台装置など、映画が誕生するまでもっとも大衆的な娯楽媒体だった。事実、冒険活劇、犯罪実話、家庭悲劇、あるいは汽船の遭難、鉄道事故、大地震など19世紀メロドラマの題材は、テーマ音楽とともに映画のなかへと受け継がれていったのである。サイレント時代の映画ではグリフィスの長編映画にメロドラマ性が濃厚であり、トーキー時代では『風と共に去りぬ』(1939)、『哀愁』(1940)、日本映画では『愛染かつら』(1938~39)、『君の名は』(1953~54)などが有名。大衆の心をつかんだメロドラマも、その御都合主義、扇情性、通俗性、感傷性のため、現在では蔑称(べっしょう)として使われる場合が多くなってしまった。

[岩本憲児]

[参照項目] | 哀愁 | 愛染かつら | 風と共に去りぬ | 君の名は

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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