The ruling dynasty of the first half of the Frankish Empire. The Sali, a branch of the Franks, crossed the Rhine and advanced into Toxandria during the Great Migration. At the time, the Franks were divided into many parishes (counties), each ruled by a small king, but Clodio, king of Parish, Despargum, near Brussels, wielded power and became the founder of the Merovingian dynasty. His son was Merovis, after whom the dynasty was named. It seems that the unification of the Sali had already progressed considerably by the time of his son Childeric I. In 481, his son Clovis I, who succeeded him, annexed not only the Sali but also the Libarians and Camabiis to establish the Frankish Kingdom, destroyed the Roman forces remaining in the Loire River basin (486), defeated the Visigoths and Burgundians, conquered the Alamanni, and expanded his power from southern Gaul to southwestern Germany. He converted to Catholicism and sought to ally himself with the Pope. However, after his death (511), the kingdom was divided among his four sons Theuderich I, Chlodomer, Childebert I, and Chlothar I. The brothers cooperated externally, destroying the Burgundian Kingdom, driving the Visigothic Kingdom beyond the Pyrenees, and expanding their territory by subjugating the Bavarians and Thuringians, but there were repeated internal disputes between the individual kingdoms. After that, Chlothar I unified the kingdom, but after his death (561), it was divided again among his four sons. In particular, the conflict between Sigibert I, king of Austrasia, and Chilperich I, king of Neustria, developed into a national civil war. Although the kingdom was reunited by Chilperich's son Chlothar II (613), the power of the domestic nobles had increased significantly, and real power was held by the mayors of each noble family, who were the leaders of the noble families. In particular, the Carolingian dynasty, mayor of the palace in Austrasia, rose to prominence, and under Pepin the Elder they controlled the mayorship of the entire Frankish kingdom, and his son Charles Martel defeated the invading Islamic army at the Battle of Tours and Poitiers (732), effectively establishing himself as the ruler of the Frankish kingdom. On this basis, his son Pepin the Younger staged a coup d'état, dethroning the last Merovingian king, Childeric III, and founded the Carolingian dynasty (751). [Shosuke Hirajo] ©Shogakukan "> Merovingian dynasty/brief family tree Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランク王国前半期の支配王朝。フランク人の一派サリ支族は、民族大移動期にライン川を越えトクサンドリアに進出した。当時フランク人は多くのパーグス(郡)に分かれ、それぞれ小王に支配されていたが、ブリュッセル付近にあったパーグス、デスパルグムの王クロディオClodioが勢力を振るい、メロビング朝の祖となった。その子が王朝名のもとになったメロビスMerovisである。その子チルデリヒ1世Childerich Ⅰのとき、すでにサリ支族の統一はかなり進んでいたらしい。481年、その後を継いだ子のクロービス1世は、サリ支族だけでなくリブアリ支族、カマビー支族をも併合してフランク王国を建て、ロアール川流域に残っていたローマ人の勢力を滅ぼし(486)、西ゴート王国やブルグント王国を討ち、アラマン人を征服、ガリア南部から南西ドイツにまで勢力を広げた。彼はカトリックに改宗して、ローマ教皇との提携を図った。しかし彼の死(511)後、王国は4子テウデリヒ1世、クロドメール、チルデベルト1世、およびクロタール1世の間で分割され、兄弟は対外的には協力して、ブルグント王国を滅ぼし、西ゴート王国をピレネー山脈のかなたへ駆逐し、バイエルン人、チューリンゲン人を服属させるなど領土を広げたが、分国相互間では内訌(ないこう)を繰り返した。その後クロタール1世によって統一されたが、彼の死(561)後はふたたび4人の子供に分割され、とくにアウストラシア分国王ジギベルト1世とノイストリア分国王チルペリヒ1世との対立は、全国的な内乱にまで発展し、チルペリヒの子クロタール2世によって再統一された(613)とはいえ、国内豪族層の勢力が著しく強化され、実権は豪族層の頭領である各分国の宮宰の手に握られた。とくに、アウストラシアの宮宰カロリング家の台頭が著しく、ピピン(中)のときには全フランク王国の宮宰職を掌握し、その子カール・マルテルはトゥール・ポアチエの戦い(732)で侵入してきたイスラム軍を破り、実質上フランク王国の支配者としての地位を確立した。こうした基盤のうえに、その子ピピン(小)はクーデターを敢行し、最後のメロビング国王チルデリヒ3世を廃し、カロリング朝を開いた(751)。 [平城照介] ©Shogakukan"> メロビング朝/略系図 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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