When a solution exists in equilibrium with free solute (such as a liquid phase), the solute concentration in the solution is constant. This state is called saturation, and a solution with this constant concentration is a saturated solution. The concentration of a saturated solution is determined by the solubility of the solute in the solvent. Saturated salt water at room temperature contains approximately 26% salt. The solubility is 36 grams (per 100 grams of water), so the saturation concentration can be easily calculated. Sometimes it is possible to create a solution that contains more solute than the saturation concentration; this is called a supersaturated solution, which is not a thermodynamically stable state but a metastable state. Some kind of stimulus can easily cause the excess solute to precipitate out, resulting in a saturated solution. [Yamazaki Akira] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
溶液が遊離の溶質(液底体など)と平衡に存在しているときには、溶液中の溶質濃度は一定となる。この状態を飽和というが、この一定濃度の溶液が飽和溶液である。飽和溶液の濃度は、溶媒に対する溶質の溶解度によって定まる。常温における飽和食塩水はほぼ26%の食塩を含む。溶解度は(100グラムの水に対し)36グラムであるから、簡単に計算で飽和濃度が得られる。ときとして、飽和濃度以上に溶質を含む溶液をつくれるが、これは過飽和溶液といい、熱力学的に安定な状態ではなく、準安定状態である。なんらかの刺激によって溶質の過剰分を析出して飽和溶液となりやすい。 [山崎 昶] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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