Marine Fisheries

…Until the fisheries reform, the Meiji fishing rights system essentially inherited the structure of fishing villages from the Edo period, so even in modern times, fishing villages have preserved the power of the ruling class of landowners (amimoto), and fishing in fishing grounds has been discriminated against according to status depending on the amount of cultivated land or common land owned. Today's fishing villages are a mixture of "sea people fishing," which is thought to be a continuation of the ancient sea tradition and specializes in aggressive fishing methods such as fishing and spear fishing, and "peasant fishing," which mainly uses passive fishing methods such as fixed nets and beach seine fishing. "Sea people fishing" villages have little agricultural land behind them, and many of them are composed of full-time fishermen or are mainly fishermen and farmers, and are thought to have a strong orientation toward the sea. …

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "maritime fisheries" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　漁業制度改革まで明治の漁業権制度が，実質的に江戸時代の漁村構造をそのまま継承したため，近代に入ってもなお，漁村は，ムラの支配層である地主＝網元（あみもと）層の勢力を温存し，また，耕地所有や共有地所有の多寡によって漁場での漁業行使も身分的に差別的に行われてきた。今日の漁村には，古代以来の海部の伝統をひくと思われる，釣りや突きなどの攻撃的漁法を得意とする〈海民漁業〉に従事するムラと，定置網や地引網など受身的漁法をもっぱら用いる〈農民漁業〉に従事するムラとが，混在して認められる。〈海民漁業〉のムラは，後背農耕地も少なく，専業漁民によって構成されるか，あるいは主漁従農の形態をとるものが多く，海に対して強い志向性を有していると考えられる。…

※「海民漁業」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報