Muhāsibi (English spelling) ārith b. Asad al-Muhāsibi

Japanese: ムハーシビー - むはーしびー(英語表記)ārith b. Asad al-Muhāsibī
Muhāsibi (English spelling) ārith b. Asad al-Muhāsibi

An early Sufi (Islamic mystic). Born in Basra, he was active in Baghdad, where he died. He studied theology and brought its methodology into Sufism, which led to his being attacked by the conservative Hanbalites. He was given the name "the one who repents" (muhashibi) because he strictly monitored his own soul and performed constant "reflection" (muhasaba). He also preached that one must be willing to endure the worst trials for the sake of God, and considered death to be the touchstone of true faith. His Kitab al-Riya, written as a guide to the inner life of Sufis, later influenced Ghazali and the Shazili order.

[Masataka Takeshita April 18, 2018]

[References] | Ghazali | Sufism | Hanbali School

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

初期のスーフィー(イスラム神秘主義者)。バスラに生まれ、バグダードで活躍しそこで没した。神学を学び、その方法論をスーフィズムに持ち込んだために、保守的なハンバル派から攻撃された。自己の魂を厳しく監視し、不断の「反省」(ムハーサバ)を行ったので、「反省する人」(ムハーシビー)の名がついた。また神のためには、最悪の試練にも喜んで耐えねばならないと唱え、死を真の信仰の試金石とみなした。スーフィーの内面生活の手引として書かれた『霊魂修養法』(キターブ・アルリアーヤ)は、のちにガザーリーやシャージリー教団に影響を与えた。

[竹下政孝 2018年4月18日]

[参照項目] | ガザーリー | スーフィズム | ハンバリー学派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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