Qiu Ying - Qiu Ying

Dates of birth and death unknown. A professional painter of the Ming Dynasty in China. He was active around the Jiajing period in the first half of the 16th century. During the period of power shift between the Zhejiang and Wu schools, he studied traditional painting styles and created his own unique world of painting, making him one of the three great masters of the In school (the others being Tang Yin and Zhou Chen). His pen name was Shizhou, and he was from a lower class family in Taicang, Jiangsu Province, and emigrated to Wu County (Suzhou). He became Zhou Chen's disciple, and with the outstanding craftsmanship he acquired by studying and copying ancient paintings, he painted many subjects, including people, birds and animals, mountain forests, pavilions, and carriages and horses, but he is particularly renowned for his depictions of people and ladies. His style of painting is a fusion of the line drawing style of Li Gonglin of the Song Dynasty, and is characterized by vivid colors and realistic, detailed depictions. He was in contact with Wen Zhengming and other literati of the time, and his paintings were highly praised by them. His paintings of beautiful women and genres were a model for genre and figure paintings, and their influence extended into the Qing Dynasty. Many of his works, including forgeries, have been passed down, and the most famous one in Japan is the Peach Blossom Garden and Kanaya Garden Pair of Scrolls (Chion-in Temple).

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

生没年不詳。中国、明(みん)代の職業画家。16世紀前半、嘉靖(かせい)ころに活躍した。浙派(せっぱ)と呉派(ごは)の勢力交代期にあって、伝統的画風を研究して独自の絵画世界をつくりだした院派の三大家（他は唐寅(とういん)、周臣(しゅうしん)）の一人。字(あざな)は実父（実甫）(じつほ)。号は十洲。江蘇(こうそ)省太倉の下層階級の出身で、呉県（蘇州）に移住した。周臣の弟子となり、古画を研究してその臨模(りんも)などによって獲得した卓抜なる職人的技巧を振るって、人物、鳥獣、山林、楼閣、車馬など多くの画題を描いたが、とくに風俗的な人物、仕女図に名声がある。宋(そう)の李公麟(りこうりん)以来の線描様式を集成した画風で、鮮麗な濃彩と写実的で細密な描写に特色がある。文徴明をはじめ当時の文人たちとも交わり、画(え)も彼らに評価され、またその美人風俗画は風俗人物画の範として影響は清(しん)代にも及んだ。偽物を含め多くの作品が伝わり、日本にあるものでは『桃李園・金谷園双幅』（知恩院）が有名である。

［星山晋也］

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